Simplest tasks have greatest dual task interference with balance in brain injured adults

Brauer, Sandra G.; Broome, A.; Stone, Cheryl; Clewett, S.; Herzig, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2004.08.020

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, these activities (climbing and riding toys, climbing trees, and cycling) more likely involve the sense of balance than knowledge of spatial relations. These two components are apparently not linked with each other (Brauer et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Development of a Spatial Activity Questionnaire I: Items Identification

Cherney

Voyer

2009

Sex Roles

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The present study aimed to develop an empiricallyderived spatial activities questionnaire that would include gendered and neutral, as well as spatial and non-spatial activities. A total of 496 participants from Canada and the U.S. indicated how often they participated in 138 specific activities during their childhood. Exploratory factor analysis complemented by a multivariate analysis of variance resulted in eleven factors reflecting masculine-spatial; masculinenon-spatial; feminine-spatial; feminine-non-spatial and neutral-spatial components. Further item reduction resulted in a 27-item spatial activities questionnaire representing masculine spatial, masculine non-spatial, feminine spatial, and feminine non-spatial activities. This research constitutes the first step in the process of identifying a small set of activities that are clearly distinct in terms of their spatial nature and gender-typing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Development of a Spatial Activity Questionnaire I: Items Identification

Cherney

Voyer

2009

Sex Roles

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“…Cognitive interference during postural demanding tasks—frequently occurring in everyday life—is known to comprise performance capacity and is related to an increased fall risk [5,49–51]. Subjects balanced on the left leg on a spinning top while performing a cognitive dual task (Fig 2A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Stimuli Induce Specific Adaptations: Sensorimotor Training vs. Reactive Balance Training

et al. 2016

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Typically, balance training has been used as an intervention paradigm either as static or as reactive balance training. Possible differences in functional outcomes between the two modalities have not been profoundly studied. The objective of the study was to investigate the specificity of neuromuscular adaptations in response to two balance intervention modalities within test and intervention paradigms containing characteristics of both profiles: classical sensorimotor training (SMT) referring to a static ledger pivoting around the ankle joint vs. reactive balance training (RBT) using externally applied perturbations to deteriorate body equilibrium. Thirty-eight subjects were assigned to either SMT or RBT. Before and after four weeks of intervention training, postural sway and electromyographic activities of shank and thigh muscles were recorded and co-contraction indices (CCI) were calculated. We argue that specificity of training interventions could be transferred into corresponding test settings containing properties of SMT and RBT, respectively. The results revealed that i) postural sway was reduced in both intervention groups in all test paradigms; magnitude of changes and effect sizes differed dependent on the paradigm: when training and paradigm coincided most, effects were augmented (P<0.05). ii) These specificities were accompanied by segmental modulations in the amount of CCI, with a greater reduction within the CCI of thigh muscles after RBT compared to the shank muscles after SMT (P<0.05). The results clearly indicate the relationship between test and intervention specificity in balance performance. Hence, specific training modalities of postural control cause multi-segmental and context-specific adaptations, depending upon the characteristics of the trained postural strategy. In relation to fall prevention, perturbation training could serve as an extension to SMT to include the proximal segment, and thus the control of structures near to the body’s centre of mass, into training.

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“…postural, manual manipulation, language, calculation, auditory, visuospatial), and difficulty level, and had all demonstrated interference with postural tasks in balance-impaired elders including people with PD. The tasks included: carrying a tray with four wine glasses (motor-postural demand) [4,5,22], transferring coins between pockets (motor-manipulation), [5] saying as many words as possible beginning with certain letters, termed the controlled oral word association test (cognitive-words) [23], counting backwards by 3 s (cognitive-count) [24], an auditory choice reaction time task where participants reported if an auditory tone was high or low in pitch (cognitiveauditory) [25] and a visuospatial task where participants reported whether the spatial pattern of nine dots in one grid was the same or different from another grid (cognitive-visuospatial) [23]. The monochrome visuospatial task was presented via a projector onto the wall at the end of the walkway, resulting in a 1.6 m Â 2.1 m projection, with the diameter of each dot 20 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%