Simplified Analysis of Acid Soluble Lignin

Kaar, William E.; Brink, David L.

doi:10.1080/02773819108051087

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To determine whether the ref5 mutation had an impact on lignin deposition like that observed in the ref2 mutant, lignin content and monomer composition were determined by both the Klason and the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) methods (Kaar and Brink, 1991;Lu and Ralph, 1997). Unlike the case with ref2 in which lignin syringyl monomer content is reduced, lignin content (wild type, 16.6% 6 0.3% dry weight; ref5-1, 17.1% 6 0.3% dry weight) and composition (Table 2) were not significantly affected.…”

Section: The Defects In Ref5/cyp83b1 Results In Alteration In Sinapoylmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Limits Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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Plants produce an array of metabolites (including lignin monomers and soluble UV-protective metabolites) from phenylalanine through the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. A subset of plants, including many related to Arabidopsis thaliana, synthesizes glucosinolates, nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites that serve as components of a plant defense system that deters herbivores and pathogens. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana reduced epidermal fluorescence5 (ref5-1) mutant, identified in a screen for plants with defects in soluble phenylpropanoid accumulation, has a missense mutation in CYP83B1 and displays defects in glucosinolate biosynthesis and in phenylpropanoid accumulation. CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 are responsible for the production of the CYP83B1 substrate indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and we found that the phenylpropanoid content of cyp79b2 cyp79b3 and ref5-1 cyp79b2 cyp79b3 plants is increased compared with the wild type. These data suggest that levels of IAOx or a subsequent metabolite negatively influence phenylpropanoid accumulation in ref5 and more importantly that this crosstalk is relevant in the wild type. Additional biochemical and genetic evidence indicates that this inhibition impacts the early steps of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and restoration of phenylpropanoid accumulation in a ref5-1 med5a/b triple mutant suggests that the function of the Mediator complex is required for the crosstalk.

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Section: The Defects In Ref5/cyp83b1 Results In Alteration In Sinapoylmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To measure lignin content, cell wall samples were analyzed using the microscale Klason method (Kaar and Brink, 1991). Lignin monomer composition was determined by the DFRC method (Lu and Ralph, 1997) as described previously (Li et al, 2010).…”

Section: Lignin Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Limits Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2015

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“…Sinapoylcholine in mature seeds derived from parental plants grown under identical conditions was analyzed similarly, except that a Puresil C18 column (Waters, Milford, MA; 1200 nm pore size, 5 mm particle size) was used. Lignin quantity was analyzed by the Klason method (Kaar and Brink 1991) or the TGA method (Campbell and Ellis 1992) using homogenized stems from plants that had just completed bolting. Lignin quality was analyzed by pyrolysis-GC-MS as previously described (Franke et al 2002a) and by DFRC (Lu and Ralph 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semidominant Mutations in Reduced Epidermal Fluorescence 4 Reduce Phenylpropanoid Content in Arabidopsis

Stout

Romero-Severson

Ruegger³

et al. 2008

Genetics

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Plants synthesize an array of natural products that play diverse roles in growth, development, and defense. The plant-specific phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway produces as some of its major products flavonoids, monolignols, and hydroxycinnamic-acid conjugates. The reduced epidermal fluorescence 4 (ref4) mutant is partially dwarfed and accumulates reduced quantities of all phenylpropanoid-pathway end products. Further, plants heterozygous for ref4 exhibit intermediate growth and phenylpropanoid-related phenotypes, suggesting that these mutations are semidominant. The REF4 locus (At2g48110) was cloned by a combined map-and sequencing-based approach and was found to encode a large integral membrane protein that is unique to plants. The mutations in all ref4 alleles cause substitutions in conserved amino acids that are located adjacent to predicted transmembrane regions. Expression of the ref4-3 allele in wildtype and null REF4 plants caused reductions in sinapoylmalate content, lignin content, and growth, demonstrating that the mutant alleles are truly semidominant. Further, a suppressor mutant was isolated that abolishes a WW protein-protein interaction domain that may be important for REF4 function.

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“…Cell walls were saponified with 1 M NaOH for 16 h at room temperature, and lignin was extracted and quantified following a microscale Klason method (Kaar and Brink, 1991). Absolute amounts of the guaiacyl (G units) and syringyl (S units) lignin monomers were quantified by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage and solubilization with acetyl bromide (DFRC method of Lu and Ralph, 1997).…”

Section: Lignin Content and Monolignol Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Genetic Regulation of Growth and Lignin Revealed by Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of cDNA Microarray Data in an Interspecific Backcross of Eucalyptus

Kirst

Myburg²,

León³

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

193

169

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Phenotypic, genotypic, and transcript level (microarray) data from an interspecific backcross population of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus were integrated to dissect the genetic and metabolic network underlying growth variation. Transcript abundance, measured for 2,608 genes in the differentiating xylem of a 91 (E. grandis 3 E. globulus) 3 E. grandis backcross progeny was correlated with diameter variation, revealing coordinated down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis and associated methylation pathways in fast growing individuals. Lignin analysis of wood samples confirmed the content and quality predicted by the transcript levels measured on the microarrays. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of transcript levels of lignin-related genes showed that their mRNA abundance is regulated by two genetic loci, demonstrating coordinated genetic control over lignin biosynthesis. These two loci colocalize with QTLs for growth, suggesting that the same genomic regions are regulating growth, and lignin content and composition in the progeny. Genetic mapping of the lignin genes revealed that most of the key biosynthetic genes do not colocalize with growth and transcript level QTLs, with the exception of the locus encoding the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthase. This study illustrates the power of integrating quantitative analysis of gene expression data and genetic map information to discover genetic and metabolic networks regulating complex biological traits.Wood is composed of secondary xylem, a highly specialized conductive and structural support tissue produced by lateral growth and differentiation of the meristematic vascular cambium (Fukuda, 1996). Genes expressed during the developmentally regulated process of xylogenesis determine the physical and chemical properties of wood. The product of xylogenesis represents one of the world's most important natural resources, yet relatively little is known about the genetic regulation of this process. Wood serves as a renewable source of energy, and it is a sink for atmospheric carbon. Wood is also the raw material for the global pulp and paper, and timber industries. The growth and development of trees and other woody plants are fundamental determinants of the dynamics and composition of forest ecosystems.At the plant cell level, growth is determined by cell division and expansion. Expansion is driven primarily by internal osmotic pressure generated by water uptake. Expansion is constrained by the cell wall and depends on cell wall composition and the degree of association between its different components (Buchanan et al., 2000). Growth of secondary xylem results from a sequential developmental process that begins with cambial cell division, followed by cell expansion, secondary wall formation, lignification, and programmed cell death (Fukuda, 1996). Wood growth has been associated with the number and rate of cell divisions at the meristematic cambium (Gregory and Wilson, 1968;Wilson and Howard, 1968;Zobel and van Buijtenen, 1989...

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Simplified Analysis of Acid Soluble Lignin

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Limits Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Limits Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Semidominant Mutations in Reduced Epidermal Fluorescence 4 Reduce Phenylpropanoid Content in Arabidopsis

Coordinated Genetic Regulation of Growth and Lignin Revealed by Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of cDNA Microarray Data in an Interspecific Backcross of Eucalyptus

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