Simplified Analysis of Symmetrical Rf Crossovers Extended With Arbitrary Complex Passive Two-Port Networks

Maktoomi, Mohammad A.; Maktoomi, Hedayatullah; Zafar, Zeba N.; Helaoui, Mohamed; Ghannouchi, Fadhel M.

doi:10.2528/pierl19031806

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…That is the key stone of the proposed feeding system. The crossovers are designed in a conventional way by considering line couplers as detailed in [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Proposed Array Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Scheme of Applying CORPS and Crossovers to Reduce the Number of Phase Shifters in Antenna Arrays

Calvillo

Panduro

Sanchez

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper presents a new scheme of applying CORPS (coherently radiating periodic structures) for reducing the number of phase shifters in linear antenna arrays. This scheme can be seen as a combination of the properties of two techniques: CORPS and butler. The proposed system applies an interleaving of several blocks of 2 × 3 CORPS networks. This interleaving of two stages of 2 × 3 CORPS networks is made in a convenient way to provide the required progressive phase for beam-scanning and the level of amplitude excitations necessary for achieving the radiation characteristics of low SLL. Interesting results are provided based on experimental measurements and full-wave simulations to analyze and evaluate the performance of the feeding network based on CORPS and the reduction capability of the number of phase shifters in the antenna system. The proposed design methodology achieves a reduction capability of 66% in the number of phase shifters used in linear antenna arrays. This reduction in the complexity of the antenna system is reached maintaining a peak SLL of −22 dB with scanning ranges of until ±25°. A good design option is provided to simplify the complexity of the feeding network in antenna array applications.

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“…That is the key stone of the proposed feeding system. The crossovers are designed in a conventional way by considering line couplers as detailed in [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Proposed Array Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Scheme of Applying CORPS and Crossovers to Reduce the Number of Phase Shifters in Antenna Arrays

Calvillo

Panduro

Sanchez

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Crossovers are important microwave components that are permitted two signal lines to crossover each other with perfect isolation [9][10][11]. Considering the Butler matrix application for the feed of array antennas available in 5G wireless technologies, the crossovers have become a very important component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Crossover Design for Butler Matrix Feeding Network in 5G Sub 6 GHz Wireless Applications

HEYDARLİ

Palandöken

2022

EJOSAT

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The butler matrix is one of the passive feeding networks used with array antennas to form beams. There are several advantages to using this beamforming network. One of them is that it is easy to manufacture, and the other is that it is low in cost. Butler matrix structure consists of three passive microwave components. These are directional hybrid couplers, phase shifters, and crossovers. A crossover is a passive microwave component used to cross between two lines with high isolation between them. This article presents microstrip crossover for use in Butler matrix feeding networks designed for 5G applications. The crossover has been presented in the article was designed and simulated. The proposed crossover operates at 4.5 GHz and it is designed for use in mostly butler matrix applications. The crossover has been proposed in the article has been designed using the FR-4 substrate. The dielectric constant of the used substrate is 4.3 and the thickness is 1.57 mm. The size of the designed crossover is 62.8 x 27.8 mm^2. The reflection coefficient and isolation level are in the permissible level in order for the proposed crossover to be utilized in the Butler matrix beamforming network for 5G the application. The return loss value of the designed crossover is 26.09 dB at 4.5 GHz. Same time the isolation value is 22.78 dB.

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Bioinspired planar switched beam network using Butler matrix on a flexible substrate targeting multifaceted millimeter-wave applications

Biswas,

Karmakar

2024

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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This paper details the design and development of a planar switched beam network using 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) over a thin and flexible type biocompatible substrate. Four mils thick liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is used as a substrate here (ϵr = 2.92, tanδ = 0.002). The proposed design is centered at 28 GHz, targeting commercial millimeter-wave applications. Floral-shaped antenna with defective ground structures has been implemented as basic radiating elements. The whole structure is based on microstrip line configuration. The architecture occupies an area of 23.85 × 19.20 mm2 over the LCP substrate. Individual components of the BM are detailed here, followed by a system analysis of the whole integrated structure. The present work also covers the electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the whole beam-forming network. The fabricated prototype offers better than 18 dB return losses at each input port for the desired frequency band with 6 dBi (max.) peak gain and 500 MHz bandwidth around the center frequency. Port-to-port isolation of better than 15 dB is achieved with this topology. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement in all aspects. A comparative study is also chalked out to highlight the significance of the current research work with respect to alike earlier reported structures.

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Simplified Analysis of Symmetrical Rf Crossovers Extended With Arbitrary Complex Passive Two-Port Networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

A New Scheme of Applying CORPS and Crossovers to Reduce the Number of Phase Shifters in Antenna Arrays

A New Scheme of Applying CORPS and Crossovers to Reduce the Number of Phase Shifters in Antenna Arrays

A Compact Crossover Design for Butler Matrix Feeding Network in 5G Sub 6 GHz Wireless Applications

Bioinspired planar switched beam network using Butler matrix on a flexible substrate targeting multifaceted millimeter-wave applications

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