Simplified Carburizing Process for Stainless Steel

Morizono, Yasuhiro; Tsurekawa, Sadahiro; Yamamuro, Takateru

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane.98.476

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, heat treatment using a mixture of steel and carbon (activated carbon and graphite) powders enables carburization of stainless steel which is covered with a passive film of chromium oxide. 9) Although such powder pack methods may not be industrially suitable, they are noteworthy because they allow carbon and nitrogen to be easily diffused into metal substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Hardening of Titanium by Using a Simplified Carbon and Nitrogen Diffusion Technique with Steel and Carbon Powders

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Hardening of Titanium by Using a Simplified Carbon and Nitrogen Diffusion Technique with Steel and Carbon Powders

et al. 2013

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“…In IPP treatment, carbon monoxide (CO) gas is generated near 973 K in a heating step. [13][14][15] This is probably due to the chemical reaction between the carbon in the powder mixture and residual oxygen in the electric furnace. Oxygen in the furnace is probably expelled because CO is released with the nitrogen ow from the furnace exhaust.…”

Section: Heating Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our technique also enables the reduction and carbonitriding of an oxide lm on anodized titanium, 14) and the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen into stainless steel. 15) We call this technique iron-powder pack (IPP) treatment , and we are verifying its practical effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heating Conditions on Surface Modification of Titanium with a Mixture of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

et al. 2017

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We developed a new surface modi cation technique called iron-powder pack (IPP) treatment. A layer of titanium carbonitride, Ti(C, N), was formed on the surface of a titanium sample embedded in a mixture of iron, graphite, and alumina powders and held around 1273 K in a nitrogen ow. In this work, IPP treatment using a 4:6:3 (volume ratio) mixture of iron, graphite, and alumina powders was applied to titanium plates, and the effects of the heating temperature and nitrogen gas ow rate on the microstructures near the titanium surface were investigated. The Ti(C, N) layer was observed on the titanium plate heat-treated at 1173 K for 3.6 ks at a nitrogen ow rate of 0.5 L/min. This layer became uniform and thick as the heating temperature increased. At 1373 K, a Ti(C, N) layer with a thickness of more than 30 μm that increased the hardness of the titanium surface to an HV value of about 1500 was obtained. In addition, an increase in the nitrogen ow rate increased the surface hardness further. Spherical titanium powder was treated at 1273 K to examine the growth of the Ti(C, N) layer. The layer thickness increased with the holding time. Because the average diameter of the spherical powder was unchanged after heating, the Ti(C, N) layer grew toward the inside of the titanium via the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen from the powder mixture and the atmosphere.

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“…The authors have found out a simplified technique for diffusing carbon into the stainless steel. 10) Specifically, a stainless steel sample is embedded in mixtures of carbonyl iron and carbon (activated carbon and graphite) powders, and then heat-treated in the vicinity of 1 273 K in a nitrogen flow. Alumina powder is also added to surely prevent the powder mixture from sintering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Changes in Low-carbon Steel Occurring by Heating in Mixtures of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

2018

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Carbon and nitrogen are easily diffused into stainless steel and titanium, when these are embedded in mixtures of iron, graphite and alumina powders and held at high temperatures in a nitrogen flow. To promote an understanding of this new diffusion technique, which we call "iron-powder pack treatment", we focused attention on the microstructures of low-carbon steel subjected to such a treatment. The diffusion of carbon into the steel was understood by evaluating area fraction of pearlite emerging in ferrite. A pearlite area in the steel, which was heat-treated at 1 273 K for 3.6 ks using a mixture of iron and alumina powders, was larger than before heating, because the steel was carburized by carbon in the iron powder. On the other hand, an increase in the pearlite area was hardly observed in the case of a mixture of graphite and alumina powders. By replacing a part of graphite in this mixture with the iron powder, however, pearlite was most remarkably produced in the steel. Instead of the iron powder, the use of nickel powder did not exert a significant impact on the diffusion of carbon into the steel. These indicate that the iron powder acts as an important agent for enhancing the migration of carbon from a powder mixture to lowcarbon steel. The relationship between a diffusion phenomenon of carbon and the generation of carbon monoxide gas in heat treatment is also discussed.

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Simplified Carburizing Process for Stainless Steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Surface Hardening of Titanium by Using a Simplified Carbon and Nitrogen Diffusion Technique with Steel and Carbon Powders

Surface Hardening of Titanium by Using a Simplified Carbon and Nitrogen Diffusion Technique with Steel and Carbon Powders

Effect of Heating Conditions on Surface Modification of Titanium with a Mixture of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

Microstructural Changes in Low-carbon Steel Occurring by Heating in Mixtures of Iron, Graphite and Alumina Powders

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