Simplistic Spoofing of GPS Enabled Smartphone

Songala, Komal Kumar; Ammana, Supraja Reddy; Ramachandruni, Hari Chandana; Sarma, A. D.

doi:10.1109/wiecon-ece52138.2020.9397980

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Early countermeasures were proposed in [24] to counteract simplistic spoofing attacks. Later advances in the field fostered the development of advanced spoofing detection and mitigation techniques at various stages of signal processing in GNSS receivers [25]. While high-end GNSS receivers now implement spoofing alert systems at their application layers, Android ™ smartphones do not provide proper warnings to the user yet, and effective spoofing attacks may stealthily hinder their PNT capabilities.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving GNSS Spoofing Awareness in Smartphones via Statistical Processing of Raw Measurements

Rustamov

Minetto

Dovis

2023

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Due to the low received power of Global Navigation Satellite Signals (GNSS), the performance of GNSS receivers can be disrupted by anthropogenic radio frequency interferences, with intentional jamming and spoofing activities being among the most critical threats. It is reported in the literature that modern, GNSS-equipped Android smartphones are generally resistant to simplistic spoofing, and many recent contributions support such a biased belief. In this paper, we present the results of a test campaign designed to further stress the resilience of such devices to simplistic spoofing attacks and highlight their actual vulnerability. We then propose an effective spoofing detection technique, that exploits the spatial and temporal correlation of the counterfeit signals by leveraging the statistical analysis of raw GNSS measurements. By not requiring access to the low signal processing level of the GNSS receiver, the proposed solution applies to any device embedding a GNSS receiver that provides raw GNSS measurements, such as current Android smartphones. Vulnerability analysis and validation of the proposed technique were conducted in a controlled environment by transmitting realistic, counterfeit Global Positioning System L1/CA navigation signals to a variety of Android smartphones embedding also different GNSS chipsets. We show that, under proper conditions, the devices were vulnerable to the attacks and that the effects were visible through their raw measurements, i.e., Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N 0 ), pseudo-range measurements, and position estimates. In particular, the study demonstrates that cross-correlation between the C/N 0 time series provided by each device for different GNSS satellites increases under spoofing conditions, thus constituting an effective metric to detect the attack within a few seconds.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving GNSS Spoofing Awareness in Smartphones via Statistical Processing of Raw Measurements

Rustamov

Minetto

Dovis

2023

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…The transmission of spoofing GPS signal codes to the receiver side with certain delays, their effects on the receiver, and the examination of their effects on which blocks of the receiver were evaluated as software 6 . In recent years, with the development of software‐defined radio (SDR), low‐cost and successful studies of fake GPS broadcasting are seen in the literature such as previous studies 7–9 . These attacks, made with the use of open‐source data, threaten most users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In recent years, with the development of softwaredefined radio (SDR), low-cost and successful studies of fake GPS broadcasting are seen in the literature such as previous studies. [7][8][9] These attacks, made with the use of open-source data, threaten most users.…”

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confidence: 99%

A statistical method of GPS spoofing detection using power spectral density for hardware

Tanış,

Erhan Yalçın

2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Location and navigation information has become an important part of our lives. GPS data is vital in many areas from transportation to economy, from energy to security. The alteration of this information can have deleterious downstream effects that cannot be reversed. Today, it is possible to attack GPS data with accessible hardware and open source software. In this paper, the signal obtained with the help of a transceiver that samples the high frequency RF signals down to the intermediate frequency was compared with the RMS value by windowing over PSD. Then this data was statistically analyzed with the NIST runs test. In order to realize GPS signal spoofing in a short time that after GPS receiver lock the spoofing signal, field programmable gates connected to the transceiver were used. The results obtained varied according to the dimensions of the windowing process, and it was understood that the window size was in a correlation with the detection of deception in a short time. The suggested method's key benefit is its simplicity, which makes it adaptable to various GNSS systems.

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