"Simply to be let in": Inclusion as a basis for recovery.

With signs that early interventions for severe mental illness have at best only a modest impact on longerterm outcome, a need for a long-term care and support system that facilitates recovery is resurfacing. This article describes a well-established long-term support program, the clubhouse model, drawing on qualitative interview data from 105 users and 25 staff from five clubhouses in the U.S. and Finland, which was analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Recurrent patterns of transformative life changes emerged. Central to these processes was a sense of equality between staff and members that transcended social roles and mental health status and was experienced as embodying trust in human potential and respecting member's choice. This staff-member relationship can be framed by the Aristotelian notion of friendship for life. The clubhouse, offering a home base to which members can return in times of need, may provide a viable safety net for recovery.

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“…Writes Davidson [58, p. 30]: ''Building a friendship of excellence is what will truly define one's process of recovery'' [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clubhouse Community Support for Life: Staff–Member Relationships and Recovery

Tanaka

Craig

Davidson

2015

J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. Ment. Health

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“…Three dimensions of inclusion have been identified: experiences of friendships, feeling worthwhile through meaningful activities and hopefulness (Davidson, Stayner, Nickou, Styron, & Chinman, 2001). Social inclusion is a multidimensional concept encompassing physical aspects (e.g., housing), psychological aspects (e.g., a sense of belonging), social aspects (e.g., friendships), and occupational aspects (e.g., leisure: Le Boutillier & Croucher, 2010).…”

Section: Social Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Social Inclusion Scale with Students

Wilson

Secker

2015

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Interventions (such as participatory arts projects) aimed at increasing social inclusion are increasingly in operation, as social inclusion is proving to play a key role in recovery from mental ill health and the promotion of mental wellbeing. These interventions require evaluation with a systematically developed and validated measure of social inclusion; however, a "gold-standard" measure does not yet exist. The Social Inclusion Scale (SIS) has three subscales measuring social isolation, relations and acceptance. This scale has been partially validated with arts and mental health project users, demonstrating good internal consistency. However, test-retest reliability and construct validity require assessment, along with validation in the general population. The present study aimed to validate the SIS in a sample of university students. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity (one aspect of construct validity) were assessed by comparing SIS scores with scores on other measures of social inclusion and related concepts. Participants completed the measures at two time-points seven-to-14 days apart. The SIS demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, although convergent validity was less well-established and possible reasons for this are discussed. This systematic validation of the SIS represents a further step towards the establishment of a "gold-standard" measure of social inclusion.

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“…Functional recovery refers to doing or engaging in meaningful roles and occupations. Social recovery incorporates community inclusion and establishment of meaningful, supportive, and satisfying relationships and social networks (Corrigan & Phelan, 2004;Davidson et al, 2001). Whether recovery is a unidimensional construct or a multidimensional construct with several domains of recovery occurring simultaneously has not been discussed in the literature and is a matter for investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving Measurement Properties of the Recovery Assessment Scale With Rasch Analysis

Hancock

Bundy

Honey

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Recovery from serious mental illness refers to the attainment of a meaningful, productive, and satisfying life, regardless of the presence or absence of reoccurring symptoms. A lack of psychometrically sound instruments has thwarted attempts to measure recovery. With the goal of addressing this need, we administered the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) to 92 people with serious mental illness attending a Clubhouse program. Clubhouses are community-based psychosocial rehabilitation programs for people living with mental illness. Rasch analysis enabled close examination of the RAS’s internal validity and reliability. Through iterative analyses, we made enhancements to the instrument where possible. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the modified RAS forms a unidimensional construct; however, the instrument remains far from a gold standard. Occupational therapy is well suited to take leadership in further development of this instrument.

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"Simply to be let in": Inclusion as a basis for recovery.

Cited by 142 publications

References 42 publications

Clubhouse Community Support for Life: Staff–Member Relationships and Recovery

Clubhouse Community Support for Life: Staff–Member Relationships and Recovery

Validation of the Social Inclusion Scale with Students

Improving Measurement Properties of the Recovery Assessment Scale With Rasch Analysis

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