Simulated Ankle Equinus Affects Knee Kinematics during Gait

Drefus, Lisa C.; Hafer, Jocelyn F.; Scher, David M.

doi:10.1007/s11420-015-9474-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our study was the first study to investigate the influence of emulated bilateral contractures on the gastrocnemius and the soleus. As already mentioned, our results showed the same influence that unilateral emulated contractures on the ipsilateral side [10,11,13,29,34,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…To emulate contractures, we selected four degrees of contracture, 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° of plantarflexion on both muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius), based on the study by Drefus et al [29] that simulated ankle equinus but with an ankle foot orthosis not allowing the differentiation of soleus and gastrocnemius. The 0° level is considered to be a mild contracture and the 30° level is considered to be a severe contracture according to our experience.…”

Section: Gait Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different degrees of bilateral emulated contractures at the triceps surae on gait kinematics: Difference between gastrocnemius and soleus

2016

Gait & Posture

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Introduction: Ankle plantarflexion contracture results from a permanent shortening of the muscle-tendon complex. It often leads to gait alterations. The objective of this study was to compare the kinematic adaptations of different degrees of contractures and between isolated bilateral gastrocnemius and soleus emulated contractures using an exoskeleton. Methods: Eight combinations of contractures were emulated bilaterally on 10 asymptomatic participants using an exoskeleton that was able to emulate different degrees of contracture of gastrocnemius (biarticular muscle) and soleus (monoarticular muscle), corresponding at 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° ankle plantarflexion contracture (knee-flexed and knee-extended). Range of motion was limited by ropes attached for soleus on heel and below the knee and for gastrocnemius on heel and above the knee. A gait analysis session was performed to evaluate the effect of these different emulated contractures on the Gait Profile Score, walking speed and gait kinematics. Results: Gastrocnemius and soleus contractures influence gait kinematics, with an increase of the Gait Profile Score. Significant differences were found in the kinematics of the ankles, knees and hips. Contractures of soleus cause a more important decrease in the range of motion at the ankle than the same degree of gastrocnemius contractures. Gastrocnemius contractures cause greater knee flexion (during the stance phase) and hip flexion (during all the gait cycle) than the same level of soleus contractures. Conclusion: These results can support the interpretation of the Clinical Gait Analysis data by providing a better understanding of the effect of isolate contracture of soleus and gastrocnemius on gait kinematics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Gait Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different degrees of bilateral emulated contractures at the triceps surae on gait kinematics: Difference between gastrocnemius and soleus

2016

Gait & Posture

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“…The level of contracture was selected as mild, moderate and severe contracture according our clinical experience and the literature [16,20,21]. Hence, PSO was limited at 0°, -20° and -40° of hip extension angle (knee in extension), HAM was limited at 40°, 70° and 100° of unilateral popliteal angle and GAS was limited at 10°, 20° and 30° of ankle plantarflexion.…”

Section: Gait Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics can help to discriminate the implication of iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius contractures to a knee flexion gait pattern

Attias

Bonnefoy‐Mazure²,

Coulon³

et al. 2019

Gait & Posture

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Background: Excessive Knee Flexion Gait Pattern (KFGP) is a common gait deviation in many pathological conditions. The contractures of the muscles that have been identified as being responsible of KFGP are: iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius. Research question:How do isolated contractures of the iliopsoas, hamstrings and gastrocnemius impact knee flexion during gait?Methods: Three levels of contracture (mild, moderate and severe) were simulated bilaterally using an exoskeleton on 10 healthy participants for iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles. A gait analysis session was performed to evaluate the joint kinematics according to the different simulated contractures. Thirty one parameters were chosen to analyze the kinematics of the thorax, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the kinematic parameters influenced by contractures. Results:In addition to a permanent knee flexion observed for the three muscles with contracture: the contracture of the iliopsoas induces a large hip flexion with pronounced anterior pelvis tilt; the contracture of the hamstrings induces an ankle dorsiflexion during the support phase with a posterior pelvis tilt; the contracture of the gastrocnemius induces an absence of first and second rocker of the ankle with a slight flexion of hip and a slight anterior pelvis tilt.Significance: These results support the identification of the muscles responsible for a KFGP.A better knowledge of the interactions between contractures and associated joint kinematics of the same and adjacent joints will support the interpretation of gait analyses by more precisely and faster targeting the concerned muscle.

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“…В конечном итоге длительно существующая эквинусная установка стопы при прогрессировании вторичных дегенеративных изменений голеностопного сустава приводит к формированию его артрогенной контрактуры. Усиление эквинусной деформации и постоянная нагрузка весом тела на передние отделы стопы растягивают медиальный контур капсулы Шопарова сустава, формируя его нестабильность из-за тенденции к латеральному смещению переднего отдела стопы [17].…”

Section: эквинусная деформацияunclassified

The role of neurogenic feet deformities in the lower limb dysfunction structure in patients with cerebral palsy. Management of surgical treatment. Literature data review

Яцык¹,

Zherdev²,

Zubkov³

et al. 2018

Med. sov.

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Analysis of the literature data on the surgical treatment of feet deformities in children with cerebral palsy allowed determining of the first key pathogenesis aspects and management of surgical treatment. The main types of changes occurring in the feet under the influence of spastic disorders and the optimal methods of progressive deformities of feet surgical treatment were studied. The treatment management preference depends on intrapatient habits, age, the pattern of rescue, deformation gravity and mobility, level of the gross motor function (GMFCS). Various «soft tissue surgery» forms are effective provided sufficient deformation mobility for younger children group patients. The bone-cutting feet surgical measures are justified provided rigid deformations in more older children. A differentiated neurogenic feet deformities surgical treatment approach provides obtaining both early and long-term satisfactory treatment results.

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Simulated Ankle Equinus Affects Knee Kinematics during Gait

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of different degrees of bilateral emulated contractures at the triceps surae on gait kinematics: Difference between gastrocnemius and soleus

Influence of different degrees of bilateral emulated contractures at the triceps surae on gait kinematics: Difference between gastrocnemius and soleus

Kinematics can help to discriminate the implication of iliopsoas, hamstring and gastrocnemius contractures to a knee flexion gait pattern

The role of neurogenic feet deformities in the lower limb dysfunction structure in patients with cerebral palsy. Management of surgical treatment. Literature data review

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