Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina

Siminoff, Robert

doi:10.1007/bf00202615

Biol. Cybern.

1991

DOI: 10.1007/bf00202615

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Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina

Robert Siminoff

Abstract: The static model developed in Part I is used to study spectral responses of C-type bipolar cells (BC). Once unique loci are adjusted to their proper wavelengths, and with a specified set of absorption spectra for cones, spectral responses of C-type BCs are dependent on only the balance between BC receptive field center and surround responses. This is true regardless of cone mosaic or BC receptive field organization. The unique yellow loci for the r-g channel is set at 576.7 nm while the unique green locus for … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

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Bidirectional Photovoltage‐Driven Oxide Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Sensors

Jin,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Biological vision is one of the most important parts of the human perception system. However, emulating biological visuals is challenging because it requires complementary photoexcitation and photoinhibition. Here, the study presents a bidirectional photovoltage‐driven neuromorphic visual sensor (BPNVS) that is constructed by monolithically integrating two perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with dual‐gate ion‐gel‐gated oxide transistors. PSCs act as photoreceptors, converting external visual stimuli into electrical signals, whereas oxide transistors generate neuromorphic signal outputs that can be adjusted to produce positive and negative photoresponses. This device mimics the human vision system's ability to recognize colored and color‐mixed patterns. The device achieves a static color recognition accuracy of 96% by utilizing the reservoir computing system for feature extraction. The BPNVS mem‐reservoir chip is also proposed for handing object movement and dynamic color recognition. This work is a significant step forward in neuromorphic sensing and complex pattern recognition.

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Bidirectional Photovoltage‐Driven Oxide Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Sensors

Jin,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Simulated fovea of the human retina: psychophysical data confirming the model's ability to accurately predict resolution

Siminoff

Cavonius

1993

Biol. Cybern.

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A series of psychophysical tests were designed to determine whether a computer simulation of the human retina could accurately predict the geometry of various stimuli that were optimally resolved for human foveal vision. Stimuli were used that were of the order of the grain of the cone mosaic, i.e., of the order of 2 x 2'. In the first set of experiments, resolution was tested using a two-bar stimulus. In one experimental series the gap between the two bars was varied, and in a second series the gap was kept constant and the width of the bars varied. In a second set of experiments, various block letters and a number of series for each letter were used; in each experimental series a single parameter was systematically varied. The same stimuli were also used as inputs for the computer simulation. When proper controls were used, the psychophysical data and computer simulation gave remarkably comparable results. Care was taken to differentiate between simple detection of a pattern, and resolution, which involved proper identification of the image.

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Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina

Siminoff

1991

Biol. Cybern.

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Effects of chromatic adaptation on C-type bipolar cells (BC) in human retinal fovea are studied. Adaptation of the r-g channel is linear for both central fovea and parafovea. Adaptation of the parafovea bl-y channel, on the other hand, is nonlinear, which is accounted for by the slower adaptation rate of blue-sensitive cones with white light intensity as compared to rates of red- and green-sensitive cones. Achromatic adaptation of red- and green-center BCs produces uniform response decreases but without unique yellow loci shifts. Achromatic adaptation of blue-center BCs, on the other hand, does cause shifts of the unique green locus. Shifts of the crossover points for the BC response spectra occur with chromatic adaptation; the unique yellow loci shifts to shorter wavelengths with adapting wavelengths shorter than 550 nm and longer wave-lengths with longer adapting wavelengths than 550 nm. Chromatic adaptation is sufficient to explain the Bezold-Brüke effects; but to fully account for these shifts a novel hypothesis is proposed. For the green and red spectrum regions Bezold-Brücke shifts are due to r-g channel chromatic adaptation, while for the blue spectrum region bl-y channel chromatic adaptation accounts for Bezold-Brücke shifts. The two channels function independently in an either/or manner. The bl-y channel, besides having a unique green locus at 517.7 nm, has a crossover point at about 670 nm. Chromatic adaptation of the bl-y channel produces shifts of the unique red locus, which may account for extraspectral hue shifts.

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Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Bidirectional Photovoltage‐Driven Oxide Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Sensors

Bidirectional Photovoltage‐Driven Oxide Transistors for Neuromorphic Visual Sensors

Simulated fovea of the human retina: psychophysical data confirming the model's ability to accurately predict resolution

Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina

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