Simulated Soil Organic Carbon Response to Tillage, Yield, and Climate Change in the Southeastern Coastal Plains

Nash, P. R.; Gollany, Hero T.; Novak, J. M.; Bauer, Philip J.; Hunt, P. G.; Karlen, Douglas L.

doi:10.2134/jeq2017.05.0190

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…That does not preclude, however, any more OC storage in the Norfolk topsoil (0−15-cm deep). In fact, recently Nash et al (2018) reported that topsoil SOC increases were projected to occur when our results (2002−2013) were ran through the CQESTR model. The model projected SOC gains of 0.28 Mg C ha −1 upon longer use of CnT, along with corn and cover crops that produce high crop residue returns and belowground OC contributions.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Storage Potentials In Sandy-textured Soilsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage

et al. 2020

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Conservation tillage is reported to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, but long-term (>30 yr) field results quantifying the responses in Coastal Plain Ultisols are sparse. The distribution, accumulation, and topsoil storage of SOC and TN after 37 yr of crop production using conventional (CvT) or conservation tillage (CnT) on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) were quantified. Soil samples were collected annually from the 0−5-, 5−10-, and 10−15-cm depth increments beneath corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops. Overall, SOC and TN accumulation in the 0−5-cm depth were highest for Norfolk soil under CnT. Focusing on total long-term changes for the 0−15-cm sampling depth beneath various corn crops shows that CnT and CvT sequestered 24.7 and 21.4 Mg C ha −1 , respectively. Between 1978 and 2016, there was a highly significant (P < .0001) exponential increase in SOC within the top 5-cm soil depth. However, the exponential curves began to plateau suggesting the Norfolk topsoil was approaching its organic carbon (OC) storage capacity. These field measurements strongly indicate that additional topsoil SOC increases with current tillage and crop management practices are limited. or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Organic Carbon Storage Potentials In Sandy-textured Soilsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage

et al. 2020

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“…Findings from these studies identified critical gaps in knowledge. Additional research is needed to: (i) incorporate microbial response to warming and feedback to SOM decomposition into process-based models, (ii) extend SOC measurements and predictions to subsoils, (iii) include saturation algorithms in process-based models to account for topsoil-saturation with C that can occur in some soils (e.g., sandy loam soils under high crop residue inputs in NT; Nash et al, 2018b), (iv) improve climatic projections at smaller scales for different regions, and (v) develop a framework for upscaling SOC stocks to predict influence of biotic and abiotic conditions on SOC stocks at landscape scales. These efforts will assist in further identifying best management practices to enhance SOC stocks and improve the resiliency of agroecosystem and crop production to climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nash et al (2018b) elucidated the impact of intensive tillage, low‐residue crops, crop yields, and projected climate change on SOC in the top 15 cm of a loamy sand soil under CT or conservation tillage using CQESTR, a process‐based C model, in the southeastern Coastal Plains region in South Carolina. Conservation tillage was predicted to increase SOC by 0.005 to 0.032 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 for six of eight crop rotations compared with CT by 2033.…”

Section: Process‐based Models To Evaluate Soil Organic Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and Models to Identify Agroecosystem Practices That Enhance Soil Organic Carbon under Changing Climate

Gollany¹,

Venterea

2018

J of Env Quality

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Adapting to the anticipated impacts of climate change is a pressing issue facing agriculture, as precipitation and temperature changes are expected to have major effects on agricultural production in many regions of the world. These changes will also affect soil organic matter decomposition and associated stocks of soil organic C (SOC), which have the potential to feed back to climate change and affect agroecosystem resiliency. This special section brings together multiple efforts to assess effects of climate change on SOC stocks around the globe in grassland, pasture, and crop agroecosystems under varying management practices. The overall goal of these efforts is to identify optimum practices to enhance SOC accumulation. In this article, we summarize the highlights of these papers and assess their broader implications for future research to enhance agroecosystem SOC accumulation and resiliency to climate change. Fourteen of the twenty contributions apply dynamic process-based models to assess climate and/or long-term management impacts on SOC stocks, and four papers use statistical SOC models across landscapes or regions. Also included are one meta-analysis and one longterm study. The models applied in this collection performed well when reliable input data were available, underlining the usefulness of modeling efforts to inform management decisions that enhance SOC stocks. Overall, the findings confirm that most agroecosystems have the potential to store SOC through improved management. However, this will be challenging, particularly for dryland agriculture, unless crop yield and crop biomass increase under projected climate change.

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“…Cover crops take up P derived from the decomposition of SOC and crop residues and return P back to soils in the forms of residues (Figure 4). Although cover crop biomass production was not available for these plots, the production of a similar mixture in adjacent fields (<1 km) resulted in estimated 6-8 kg ha −1 of residue Po into soils annually (Nash et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2019). However, the observed increased Po stock can be also attributable to the possibility that cover cropping reduced the losses of labile Po from the top soil by leaching or surface runoff (Djodjic et al, 2006;King et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cover Cropping and P Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter cover crop mixtures (i.e., cereal rye [Secale L.] and crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]) were introduced to the experiment in 2015 as a split-plot in winter fallow plots. Additional site description, crop rotation, and management practice details can be found in relevant studies (Hunt et al, 1997;Karlen, Hunt, & Campbell, 1984;Nash et al, 2018;Novak, Bauer, & Hunt, 2007). The current experiment consisted of the following four treatments: (a) conservation tillage with cover crops (CS-Cover); (b) conservation tillage without cover crops (CS-Fallow); (c) conventional tillage with cover crops (CV-Cover); and (d) conventional tillage without cover crops (CV-Fallow).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover cropping increased phosphorus stocks in surface sandy Ultisols under long‐term conservation and conventional tillage

Parajuli

Ducey

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Low use‐efficiency and high environmental significance of phosphorus (P) requires a better understanding of its stocks and behavior in soils. We investigated P fractions in sandy Coastal Plain Ultisols, where long‐term conservation agriculture driven by conservation tillage and residue return for ∼40 yr and the integration of cover cropping for 4 yr has been demonstrated to improve soil organic matter. Soils were collected from fields at 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 15‐cm depths to study the effects of tillage (conservation vs. conventional) and cover crop (with vs. without) on soil stocks of various chemically defined P pools and the phosphatase potential activities. Conservation tillage increased KCl‐extractable inorganic P (KCl‐Pi) stocks in top soils (0–5 cm) when compared to conventional tillage, but had no effects on other pools at both soil depths. Cover cropping caused significant accumulations of NaOH‐extractable organic P (NaOH‐Po) in top soils (0–5 cm). Nonetheless, neither conservation tillage nor cover crop changed the contributions of the chemically defined pools to soil total P with NaOH‐Po dominating at both soil depths followed by NaOH‐extractable inorganic P (NaOH‐Pi) and HCl‐extractable Pi (HCl‐Pi). Conservation tillage increased phosphatase potential activities by 128% in the 0‐ to 5‐cm soils, whereas no cover crop effects were observed. Conservation tillage improved P availability potentially through its effects on microbial activities, whereas cover cropping increased P stocks and availability by promoting Po accumulations.

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Simulated Soil Organic Carbon Response to Tillage, Yield, and Climate Change in the Southeastern Coastal Plains

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage

Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage

Measurements and Models to Identify Agroecosystem Practices That Enhance Soil Organic Carbon under Changing Climate

Cover cropping increased phosphorus stocks in surface sandy Ultisols under long‐term conservation and conventional tillage

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