Simulated solar UV-irradiation of endocrine disrupting chemical octylphenol

Clofibric acid degradation in UV254/H2O2 process: Effect of temperature

“…It was reasonable that bicarbonate, which mainly acted as • OH scavenger, reduced • OH reaction with CA compound and therefore hindered CA removal. This result was also consistent with other researchers for the photo-degradation of herbicide ametryn [40] and endocrine disrupting chemical octylphenol [41]. However, it is worthy to note that the inhibition for CA degradation caused by lower bicarbonate concentration under T3 condition could be neglected, indicating that temperature plays a much more important positive role than bicarbonate anion in CA degradation.…”

Photo-degradation of clofibric acid by ultraviolet light irradiation at 185 nm

“…It is reasonable that bicarbonate, which mainly acted as zOH scavenger, reduced zOH reaction with CA compound and therefore hindered CA removal. This result was consistent with other researchers for the photo-degradation of herbicide ametryn (Gao et al 2009) and endocrine disrupting chemical octylphenol (Neamt¸u et al 2009). On the other hand, it has been reported that the rates of photo-transformation of some pharmaceuticals could be enhanced with the presence of nitrate under solar irradiation, including carbomazepine, diclofenac, CA, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole (Andreozzi et al 2003).…”

Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

“…However, in the environment, these conjugates may suffer deconjugation and act as precursors of the corresponding free steroids [45]. The most studied synthetic estrogen, ethinylestradiol (EE2), has been either not detected [47] or detected at concentrations in general much lower than the other estrogens [48]. Concentrations reported in wastewater have been most usually in the ng/L range.…”

“…Of the various APEOs, nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) represent approximately 80% of the total worldwide production [45,46] whereas octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEOs) represent most of the remaining 20% [45,46]. APEOs enter the environment primarily via landfill leachates, industrial effluents and domestic and/or industrial wastewater treatment plant effluents (dissolved in sludge), but also by direct discharge [45,[47][48][49]50]. The composition of the mixture can differ considerably among the various effluents, depending on the source, type and degree of treatment [48].…”

“…APEOs enter the environment primarily via landfill leachates, industrial effluents and domestic and/or industrial wastewater treatment plant effluents (dissolved in sludge), but also by direct discharge [45,[47][48][49]50]. The composition of the mixture can differ considerably among the various effluents, depending on the source, type and degree of treatment [48]. The concentrations of alcyl phenols (APs) found in river and surface waters range from non-detectable to 158 lg/L [45].…”