As a high-output nanoscale fiber production method, centrifugal electrospinning (CES) has attracted increasing attention, and this has fostered its quick development. In this article, we review this technique and summarize its mechanism, characteristics, classification, and process equipment. Furthermore, we classify the effects of several CES process parameters on the fiber properties into three different categories. The mechanisms of these effects on the fiber characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the CES issues are summarized, and some strategic solutions and prospects are proposed.