“…Therefore, accurate replication of traffic behavior models, such as gap acceptance, car following, lane changing, and so on, necessitates performing a calibration and validation process with the objective of minimizing the difference between simulated and observed outputs (28). There is rich literature focusing on assessing the impact of various design and operational alternatives using simulation models (3,19,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Leite et al (31) examined the performance of a roundabout under various operational conditions, such as changing the speed and acceleration within roundabouts as well as the minimum distance between vehicles, with the application of the SUMO simulation tool.…”