Simulating Holocene carbon accumulation in a western Siberian watershed mire using a three‐dimensional dynamic modeling approach

Borren, Wiebe; Bleuten, W.

doi:10.1029/2006wr004885

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…5 Zones C and D and Table 3). Borren and Bleuten (2006) modelled a LARCA range of 10-85 g C m −2 yr −1 (mean 16 g C m −2 yr −1 ) for a large mire complex in south-western Siberia, and our value falls within this range.…”

Section: Siberia (Zones C and D) And Far Eastern Russia (Zone E)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In a modelling study, Ise et al (2008) used a coupled physical-biogeochemical soil model at a site in northern Manitoba, Canada and found that peatlands could respond quickly to warming, losing labile soil organic carbon dur-ing dry periods. Similarly, Borren and Bleuten (2006), using a three-dimensional dynamic model with imposed artificial drainage to simulate the Bakchar bog in western Siberia, indicated that LARCA will drop from 16.2 to 5.2 g C m −2 yr −1 during the 21st century due to higher decomposition linked to reduced peat moisture content. Our simulations are based on climate forcing derived from the RCP8.5 scenario output from one Earth system model (HadGEM2-ES).…”

Section: Future Climate Impacts On Peatlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region

2017

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Abstract. Most northern peatlands developed during the Holocene, sequestering large amounts of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. However, recent syntheses have highlighted the gaps in our understanding of peatland carbon accumulation. Assessments of the long-term carbon accumulation rate and possible warming-driven changes in these accumulation rates can therefore benefit from process-based modelling studies. We employed an individual-based dynamic global ecosystem model with dynamic peatland and permafrost functionalities and patch-based vegetation dynamics to quantify long-term carbon accumulation rates and to assess the effects of historical and projected climate change on peatland carbon balances across the pan-Arctic region. Our results are broadly consistent with published regional and global carbon accumulation estimates. A majority of modelled peatland sites in Scandinavia, Europe, Russia and central and eastern Canada change from carbon sinks through the Holocene to potential carbon sources in the coming century. In contrast, the carbon sink capacity of modelled sites in Siberia, far eastern Russia, Alaska and western and northern Canada was predicted to increase in the coming century. The greatest changes were evident in eastern Siberia, north-western Canada and in Alaska, where peat production hampered by permafrost and low productivity due the cold climate in these regions in the past was simulated to increase greatly due to warming, a wetter climate and higher CO 2 levels by the year 2100. In contrast, our model predicts that sites that are expected to experience reduced precipitation rates and are currently permafrost free will lose more carbon in the future.

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Section: Siberia (Zones C and D) And Far Eastern Russia (Zone E)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Future Climate Impacts On Peatlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region

2017

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“…Also, we assumed that the extent of the peatland area is fixed, meaning that we do consider vertical growth of the peatland but not lateral expansion of the peatland. It is well known that lateral peatland expansion and the regional geographical context of peatlands strongly interact with peatland hydrology and development (Ingram 1982;Clymo 1984;Belyea and Baird 2006), but taking into account these aspects would require site-specific model parameterization (Borren and Bleuten 2006). The aim of this study, however, was to answer general questions and not to focus on site-specific properties.…”

Section: Model System and Study Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, we modeled overland flow and drainage as water losses from the model. Lateral transport of water through the peat was described by Darcy's law (Rycroft et al 1975;Rietkerk et al 2004a;Borren and Bleuten 2006), meaning that lateral transport of water is driven by differences in hydraulic head.…”

Section: State Variable 3: Groundwater Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients and Hydrology Indicate the Driving Mechanisms of Peatland Surface Patterning

Eppinga¹,

Ruiter²,

Wassen³

et al. 2009

The American Naturalist

133

183

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Peatland surface patterning motivates studies that identify underlying structuring mechanisms. Theoretical studies so far suggest that different mechanisms may drive similar types of patterning. The long time span associated with peatland surface pattern formation, however, limits possibilities for empirically testing model predictions by field manipulations. Here, we present a model that describes spatial interactions between vegetation, nutrients, hydrology, and peat. We used this model to study pattern formation as driven by three different mechanisms: peat accumulation, water ponding, and nutrient accumulation. By on-and-off switching of each mechanism, we created a full-factorial design to see how these mechanisms affected surface patterning (pattern of vegetation and peat height) and underlying patterns in nutrients and hydrology. Results revealed that different combinations of structuring mechanisms lead to similar types of peatland surface patterning but contrasting underlying patterns in nutrients and hydrology. These contrasting underlying patterns suggest that the presence or absence of the structuring mechanisms can be identified by relatively simple short-term field measurements of nutrients and hydrology, meaning that longerterm field manipulations can be circumvented. Therefore, this study provides promising avenues for future empirical studies on peatland patterning.

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“…The trend of the head gradient in the EW direction was almost constant over time (262 · 10 )7 ), indicating a steady flow in a western direction ( Figure 5). With a hydraulic conductivity of the 'plant layer' (that is, the active plant and litter layer in the hollows) of 548 m d )1 (Borren and Bleuten 2006) and thickness of the 'plant layer' of 0.5 m the average westward water flux was approximately 0.007 m 3 d )1 m )1 across the flow direction. The hydraulic gradient in the EW direction was not smooth.…”

Section: Patterns In Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Surface Patterning of Peatlands: Confronting Theory with Field Data

Eppinga

Rietkerk

Borren³

et al. 2008

Ecosystems

Self Cite

122

142

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Regular spatial patterns of sharply bounded ridges and hollows are frequently observed in peatlands and ask for an explanation in terms of underlying structuring processes. Simulation models suggest that spatial regularity of peatland patterns could be driven by an evapotranspiration-induced scale-dependent feedback (locally positive, longer-range negative) between ridge vegetation and nutrient availability. The sharp boundaries between ridges and hollows could be induced by a positive feedback between net rate of peat formation and acrotelm thickness. Theory also predicts how scale-dependent and positive feedbacks drive underlying patterns in nutrients, hydrology, and hydrochemistry, but these predictions have not yet been tested empirically. The aim of this study was to provide an empirical test for the theoretical predictions; therefore, we measured underlying patterns in nutrients, hydrology, and hydrochemistry across a maze-patterned peatland in the Great Vasyugan Bog, Siberia. The field data corroborated predicted patterns as induced by scaledependent feedback; nutrient concentrations were higher on ridges than in hollows. Moreover, diurnal dynamics in water table level clearly corresponded to evapotranspiration and showed that water levels in two ridges were lower than in the hollow in between. Also, the data on hydrochemistry suggested that evapotranspiration rates were higher on ridges. The bimodal frequency distribution in acrotelm thickness indicated sharp boundaries between ridges and hollows, supporting the occurrence of a positive feedback. Moreover, nutrient content in plant tissue was most strongly associated with acrotelm thickness, supporting the view that positive feedback further amplifies ridge-hollow differences in nutrient status. Our measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that the combination of scale-dependent and positive feedback induces peatland patterning.

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Simulating Holocene carbon accumulation in a western Siberian watershed mire using a three‐dimensional dynamic modeling approach

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region

Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region

Nutrients and Hydrology Indicate the Driving Mechanisms of Peatland Surface Patterning

Regular Surface Patterning of Peatlands: Confronting Theory with Field Data

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