Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns

Shinneman, Douglas J.; Cornett, Meredith W.; Palik, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.042

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the presettlement scenario, values are the average percentages of species within the BWCA based on three replicate initial conditions generated by LANDIS-II (See Appendix A). Shinneman et al (2010). à Heinselman (1973).…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We parameterized relative fuel-specific ignition rates based on fire occurrence patterns observed elsewhere in the boreal forest (Krawchuk et al 2006) (Table 5). The contemporary fire regime was parameterized using recent fire records that reflect patterns of human-caused ignitions and fire suppression practices (Shinneman et al 2010) (Table 3). The presettlement fire regime within the BWCA was parameterized using fire records from 1727 to 1868 (Heinselman 1973).…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lognormal mean and standard deviations of fire durations were then calibrated to reproduce the contemporary and presettlement fire size distributions. contemporary fire regime Shinneman et al (2010) Calibrations were performed for the approximate length of time represented by each respective fire record (i.e., 20 years and 150 years for contemporary and presettlement scenarios, respectively). Wind disturbance was simulated using the Base Wind extension v1.3 (Scheller et al 2007a).…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harvest regime (i.e., rates, treatment sizes, specific prescriptions, etc.) was parameterized from Shinneman et al (2010).…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?

Sturtevant

Miranda

Shinneman

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

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Insect disturbance is often thought to increase fire risk through enhanced fuel loadings, particularly in coniferous forest ecosystems. Yet insect disturbances also affect successional pathways and landscape structure that interact with fire disturbances (and vice-versa) over longer time scales. We applied a landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the relative strength of interactions between spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks and fire disturbances in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota (USA). Disturbance interactions were evaluated for two different scenarios: presettlement forests and fire regimes vs. contemporary forests and fire regimes. Forest composition under the contemporary scenario trended toward mixtures of deciduous species (primarily Betula papyriferaand Populus spp.) and shade-tolerant conifers (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis), with disturbances dominated by a combination of budworm defoliation and high-severity fires. The presettlement scenario retained comparatively more "big pines" (i.e., Pinus strobus, P. resinosa) and tamarack (L. laricina), and experienced less budworm disturbance and a comparatively less-severe fire regime. Spruce budworm disturbance decreased area burned and fire severity under both scenarios when averaged across the entire 300-year simulations. Contrary to past research, area burned and fire severity during outbreak decades were each similar to that observed in non-outbreak decades. Our analyses suggest budworm disturbances within forests of the BWCA have a comparatively weak effect on long-term forest composition due to a combination of characteristics. These include strict host specificity, fine-scaled patchiness created by defoliation damage, and advance regeneration of its primary host, balsam fir (A. balsamea) that allows its host to persist despite repeated disturbances. Understanding the nature of the three-way interaction between budworm, fire, and composition has important ramifications for both fire mitigation strategies and ecosystem restoration initiatives. We conclude that budworm disturbance can partially mitigate long-term future fire risk by periodically reducing live ladder fuel within the mixed forest types of the BWCA but will do little to reverse the compositional trends caused in part by reduced fire rotations. KeywordsAbies balsamea, disturbance ecology, insect-fire interactions, LANDIS-II, Laurentian mixed forest, Minnesota, spruce budworm, succession RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract. Insect disturbance is often thought to increase fire risk through enhanced fuel loadings, particularly in coniferous forest ecosystems. Yet insect disturbances also affect successional pathways and landscape structure that interact with fire disturbances (and viceversa) over longer time scales. We applied a landscape succession...

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Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harvest regime (i.e., rates, treatment sizes, specific prescriptions, etc.) was parameterized from Shinneman et al (2010).…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?

Sturtevant

Miranda

Shinneman

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

Self Cite

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“…In order to mitigate this memory usage problem, the LANDIS PRO 6.0 model employs data structures of hash tables and run-length compression to store species age cohorts more efficiently at grid level. This innovative computer design makes it possible to expand the forest landscape simulation to regional scales, examine forest ecological processes across scales (Rastetter et al, 2003;Urban, 2005), link landscape dynamics with regionalscale wildlife conservation Rittenhouse et al, 2011), and jointly assess the cumulative effects of multiple (e.g., federal, state, and private) ownerships on a large landscape as a whole (Shinneman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative computer design for modeling forest landscape change in very large spatial extents with fine resolutions

Yang

Shifley

et al. 2011

Ecological Modelling

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Climate change mitigation through adaptation: the effectiveness of forest diversification by novel tree planting regimes

2017

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Climate change is projected to have negative implications for forest ecosystems and their dependent communities and industries. Adaptation studies of forestry practices have focused on maintaining the provisioning of ecosystem services; however, those practices may have implications for climate change mitigation as well by increasing biological sinks or reducing emissions. Assessments of the effectiveness of adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change are therefore needed; however, they have not been done for the world's northern coniferous forests. Diversifying the forest by planting tree species more likely suited to a future climate is a potential adaptation strategy to increase resilience. The efficacy of this strategy to reduce the risks of climate change is uncertain, and other ecosystem services provided by the forest are also likely to be affected. We used a spatially explicit forest landscape modeling framework (LANDIS‐II) to simulate the effects of planting a range of native tree species in colder areas than where they are currently planted in a managed temperate coniferous forest landscape in British Columbia, Canada. We investigated impacts on carbon pools, fluxes, tree species diversity, and harvest levels under different climate scenarios for 100 yr (2015–2115) and found that the capacity of our forest landscape to sequester carbon would largely depend on the precipitation rates in the future, rather than on temperature. We further found that, irrespective of the climate prediction model, current planting standards led to relatively low levels of resilience as indicated by carbon fluxes and stocks, net primary productivity (NPP), and species diversity. In contrast, planting a mix of alternative tree species was generally superior in increasing the resilience indicators: carbon stocks and fluxes, NPP, and tree species diversity, but not harvest rates. The second best novel planting regime involved adding Pinus contorta to the stocking standard in three ecoregions; however, that species is susceptible to a high number of insects and pathogens. We conclude that although the capacity of temperate coniferous forest landscapes to sequester carbon in the future is largely dependent on the precipitation regime, negative effects may be counteracted to some extent by increasing resilience through tree species diversity in forests.

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Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns

Cited by 27 publications

References 65 publications

Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?

Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?

An innovative computer design for modeling forest landscape change in very large spatial extents with fine resolutions

Climate change mitigation through adaptation: the effectiveness of forest diversification by novel tree planting regimes

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