Simulating the Refractive Index Structure Constant 
	   in the Surface Layer at Antarctica with a Mesoscale Model

Qing, Chun; Wu, Xiaoqing; Li, Xuebin; Tian, Qiguo; Liu, Dong; Rao, Ruizhong; Zhu, Wenyue

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9e8f

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Some research has focused on optical turbulence in the surface layer using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), such as the work by Ricklin [70] in 2004 which yielded good results for specific times, locations, and conditions. Also, many recent studies have investigated the surface layer C n 2 for laser propagation using different methods such as neural networks and other machine learning algorithms in various locations and situations [71][72][73]. Optical turbulence near the ground shows dependence on additional parameters compared to the free atmosphere, such as relative humidity, vegetation, and urban structures [72].…”

Section:   L Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for satellite imaging payloads: considering turbulence and aerosol effects over Tehran

Hosseini,

Khoshsima

2024

Phys. Scr.

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In the realm of remote sensing using satellite imagery, real-time and region-specific estimation of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is critical for assessing, designing, and selecting optimal payloads, channels, and imaging conditions. The variability of Earth's atmosphere introduces uncertainties that complicate the development of a universally applicable MTF model, particularly challenging in urban areas that are prone to aerosol pollution and heat island effects. In this research, the atmosphere of the Tehran metropolitan area, which has not been extensively studied in terms of the MTF of overflying satellites, was investigated over five days in 2021 which were selected based on data availability and to cover a variety of different conditions. A general Small Angle Approximation (SAA) method is utilized to calculate the aerosol MTF, with Boundary Layer Heights (BLH) and Aerosol Layer Heights (ALH) validated against the literature, long-term observations, numerical models, and real-time observations. The turbulence MTF is calculated using a short-exposure isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence model. The refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) is determined using the general HMNSP99 model due to the absence of an established and calibrated model for Tehran. The assumptions for the turbulence MTF model are selected to cover a wide range of practical and widely used satellites over Tehran, while the uncertainties in the radiosonde data are taken into account by employing Monte Carlo simulations to model the effective Cn2 for Tehran. The results cover the effects of varieties in aerosol layer optical properties, particle types and size distribution, as well as variations in weather conditions and atmospheric state on the MTF and offer valuable insights for optimizing satellite imaging systems in urban atmospheric conditions and set the stage for further regional studies focused on enhancing image compensation and payload design.

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Section:   L Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for satellite imaging payloads: considering turbulence and aerosol effects over Tehran

Hosseini,

Khoshsima

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…1 is quite general and has been extensively used in the literature, not only to provide C 2 n profiles but also to obtain C 2 n ground values. 23,24 Nevertheless, its parameterization raises several challenges that are addressed in the next section.…”

Section: Optical Turbulence Forecast From Nwp Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for optical turbulence characterization and prediction at optical communication sites

Quatresooz

Xivry²,

Absil³

et al. 2023

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2022

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Modelling of atmospheric optical turbulence has been of interest in astronomy for several decades, e.g. for site characterization and flexible scheduling. Nowadays, it is also considered for free-space optical communications, namely to conduct site selection and to design future optical communication systems. In this work, a general approach relying on numerical weather prediction simulations in order to perform optical turbulence prediction is presented. The approach makes use of the Weather Research and Forecasting model and raises several challenges. The latter, such as the choice of the C 2 n models or the required temporal and spatial resolutions, are first discussed with regards to the literature. Then, optical turbulence prediction is conducted for the site of Redu, Belgium, illustrating the different challenges. These predictions are also compared with seeing measurements from a differential image motion monitor. The presented approach offers realistic seeing values that, however, do not follow rapid variations of the measured seeing. Origins of the discrepancies between measurements and predictions are to be found in the modelling of the boundary layer and motivate the use of a C 2 n model relying on the turbulent kinetic energy. Further simulations and measurement campaigns at other optical communication sites are encouraged in order to refine some model parameters and compare statistically the prediction results.

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“…This illustrative example shows how the distortions introduced by the atmospheric turbulence to the optical channel are. For a deeper discussion on the mathematical models of atmosphere [6], and for optical communications in satellites, the interested reader is referred to [7].…”

Section: Application On Optical Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating atmospheric turbulence: Code development and educational applications

Salazar¹,

Domínguez²,

Crusellas³

et al. 2022

4th Symposium on Space Educational Activities

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Earth atmosphere turbulence affects many areas of interest related with Space studies, such as optical communications or Astronomy. In fact, it is a key topic for such applications and, thus, it is important for students in aerospace and aeronavigation studies to get some knowledge of the basis of such phenomena, and how to compensate for it. The phenomenon of turbulence is tangent to many areas such as Optics, Meteorology, Fluid Dynamics, Astronomy, Space Science and Telecommunications, among others. To properly understand the effect of such phenomena on the propagation of an optical signal is imprescindible to properly evaluate and implement the corrections introduced with Adaptive Optics [1] and for understanding the limitations of optical free-space communications channels. The simulation of optical propagation through turbulence constitutes an intuitive and powerful tool for visualizing and understanding such phenomena. Within those ideas, a Final Degree Project, based on the development of simulation tools of atmospheric turbulence is carried out in the Escola d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicacions i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC) of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). In this communication the development of an application, written in MATLAB®, for the simulation of optical propagation through turbulent mediums is presented. The project consists of the development of a software based on scalar diffraction theory [2] and Kolmogorov’s turbulence theory for the generation of turbulent phases under specific meteorological conditions and the simulation of the propagation of an electromagnetic signal through them. With this tool, different applications are going to be analysed. As an example of application, at the moment this communication is presented, the code is capable of performing the reconstruction of the generated phase in terms of Zernike coefficients [3], providing key information for the understanding of the aberrations introduced by the turbulence and also for correcting them with a proper design. The communication first describes the main basis of the problem, in terms of scalar diffraction theory, and the structure of the application. Later, some results are presented and discussed. Finally, the application of the tool for adaptive optics, optical free-space communications and as an educational application for aeronavigation and aerospace students is discussed, with emphasis in the context of the different degrees, courses and subjects taught in the EETAC.

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Simulating the Refractive Index Structure Constant in the Surface Layer at Antarctica with a Mesoscale Model

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for satellite imaging payloads: considering turbulence and aerosol effects over Tehran

Comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for satellite imaging payloads: considering turbulence and aerosol effects over Tehran

Challenges for optical turbulence characterization and prediction at optical communication sites

Simulating atmospheric turbulence: Code development and educational applications

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