Simulation and Application of Top Lance with Various Tilt Angles in Dephosphorization Ladle Furnace

Abstract

Characteristics of flow field and stirring effects of top lance with various tilt angles (Tilt angles were 39°, 41°, 43°, 45° and 47°, respectively) on the molten bath were studied. The mixing time, impacting depth and impacting diameter were measured by water experiment. Flow field characteristics of three-phase flow were simulated by Fluent software. It was found that 43° oxygen lance could get the shortest mixing time being 56 s, the medium impacting depth being 36 mm and medium impacting diameter being 115 mm. When injecting by the 43° oxygen lance, average flow velocity of molten bath was the biggest being 0.0329 m/s, and volume of dead-zone was the minimum being 1.90 m 3 . In order to study metallurgical effects of oxygen lance with tilt angle, both 43° and 45° oxygen lances were experimented in a dephosphorization ladle furnace. The experiment showed that the oxygen lance with tilt angle can guarantee the normal smelting process. Compared with the 45° oxygen lance, the content of phosphorus in semi-steel B was decreased by 0.012 mass%, the dephosphorization rate was increased by 7.9% and the content of T. Fe loss was dropped by 1.9 mass%. It proved the oxygen lance with tilt angle could get a remarkable dephosphorization effect in a ladle furnace.

Simulation and Application of Bottom-Blowing in Electrical Arc Furnace Steelmaking Process

“…17) During simulation process, the bottom blowing rate, the same thickness of slag and the height of molten steel was 100 L·min , 100 mm and 1 300 mm in all numerical model.…”

“…The numerical simulation of bottom-blowing process in EAF was based on the following assumptions: 17) (1) Both liquid slag and molten steel were regarded as Newtonian fluid, while nitrogen gas was regarded as ideal gas;…”

“…Standard k-ε model was adopted in a turbulence model. 17,18) The constant was given by an empirical formula. Turbulent kinetic energy k and turbulent dissipation rate ε were described as follows:…”

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

“…B. K. Li 37) proposed a method to predict three-dimensional flow in bottom gas stirred baths. Thereafter, significant progress has been made toward a full simulation [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] due to the decreasing computational costs and increasing power of commercial modeling packages, which can help us achieve wonderful insights into flow related phenomena without inherent inaccuracies in water model experiments. A comprehensive understanding of the highly coupled phenomena occurring in a converter can be obtained through all these developments of computational fluid dynamics simulations with high fidelity.…”

Effect of Side-blowing Arrangement on Flow Field and Vanadium Extraction Rate in Converter Steelmaking Process

“…The i th fluid's volume fraction in the cell was denoted as α i , using to control each phase volume within the domain. 15,16) As a result, three conditions could be defined as follows: For the transport equation, the average effective density (ρ) effective viscosity (μ) and specific heat (c p ) were determined as: Based on the VOF transport equation, 17,18) the standard k-ε model was adopted to describe the turbulence kinetic energy (k) and its dissipation rate (ε), which could be calculated by following equation:…”