“…While the emphasis in research and implementation of DES studies in the past has mostly been focused on such large organisations, there are some reported cases where DES has been applied to SMEs (Ahmed and Latif, 2010;Byrne and Heavey, 2004;Geraghty and Heavey, 1999;Hvolby et al, 2012;Jain and Leong, 2005;Jarkko et al, 2013;Liotta, 2012;Mahfouz et al, 2011;Mosca et al, 2005;Nisula and Pekkola, 2012;O'Kane, 2003;Swarnkar and Harding, 2009). Studies of SME simulation have been sporadic and mostly explored on a one off, case-by-case basis (Hvolby et al, 2012;Jarkko et al, 2013;Mahfouz et al, 2011) which is in line with reported expectation, as investigating simulation within the SME context presents a number of additional challenges (Liotta, 2012;O'Kane, 2003). Examples of such additional challenges relate to the complex process of simulation in comparison to the scale of the organisation, availability and format of data for simulation modelling, time and resources required to execute the model, lack of awareness, cost and experience factors and the under-estimation of the advantages that can be gained through the use of DES tools (Law and Kelton, 1991;Liotta, 2012;O'Kane et al, 2007).…”