Simulation-Based Approach for Studying the Balancing of Local Smart Grids with Electric Vehicle Batteries

Latvakoski, Juhani; Mäki, Kari; Ronkainen, Jussi; Julku, Jukka; Koivusaari, Jani

doi:10.3390/systems3030081

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A smart city is a city that is technologically interconnected through a network of sensors, IT platforms, open data, and programs that serve to make life within the city more efficient [3]. Smart city projects are diverse, and range from apps for reporting road defects, to the integration of electric vehicles into the city grid balancing [19]. While smart city concepts are being developed every day, there is a need to continue integrating innovative technologies and Innovation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the urban system, and to test those solutions in diverse cities.…”

Section: Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research and Innovation Agenda for Zero-Emission European Cities

Nerini

Slob²,

Engström

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The Paris Agreement and SDG13 on Climate Action require a global drop in Green House Gases (GHG) emissions to stay within a “well below 2 degrees” climate change trajectory. Cities will play a key role in achieving this, being responsible for 60 to 80% of the global GHG emissions depending on the estimate. This paper describes how Research and Innovation (R&I) can play a key role in decarbonizing European cities, and the role that research and education institutions can play in that regard. The paper highlights critical R&I actions in cities based on three pillars: (1) innovative technology and integration, (2) governance innovation, and (3) social innovation. Further, the research needed to harmonize climate mitigation and adaptation in cities are investigated.

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Section: Smart Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research and Innovation Agenda for Zero-Emission European Cities

Nerini

Slob²,

Engström

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…Basically, the generally applied "scheme:[//host[:port]][/path]" could be applied; however, it lacks references to the ownership of resources. Therefore, identities and addressing for virtual communication spaces at the communication overlay level are specified using the following notation: <owner>@<domain.server>/<physical resource>/<logical resource> (1) where…”

Section: Presence Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system considered the energy market service platform (EMSP) of Empower, the simulationbased system of the distributed energy resources, and the CPS hub. The simulation-based approach was selected to enable studying the concepts, algorithms, and real SW systems of automated dynamic microgrids without complex and expensive distributed energy resources (DERs), distribution grid, embedded products HW systems, and a large number of stakeholders and service systems [1]. A challenging part of the ADM is related to the information-based interaction between distributed energy resources and EMSP.…”

Section: Cps Hub With Services Of Automated Dynamic Microgridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trustworthy Communication Hub for Cyber-Physical Systems

Latvakoski

Heikkinen

2019

Future Internet

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The motivation for this research arises from the challenges in the trustworthy communications related operation of cyber-physical systems (CPS), especially in the energy and mobility domains. The increasing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) of prosumers and electric vehicles requires new ways for CPS communications to enable information exchanges for smart operation in peak consumption hours and balancing power levels in the energy grids in order to lower the energy cost. The huge number of mobile appliances and the related service providers do not serve properly the privacy of the owners, owing to the vertical silo type of operating model in industries. As the results of this research, we provide a trustworthy communication hub for CPS (CPS hub) for solving the challenges related to trustworthy communications between physical resources owned by different stakeholders. The CPS hub realizes the communication spaces concept, and enables combined trust and communications processes when dynamic resources owned by different stakeholders are exchanging information. The evaluations showed that the provided CPS hub enable information exchanges between distributed energy resources of different stakeholders, so that they can join the aggregation process for more flexible and efficient resource usage in energy markets. The CPS hub enable interaction between heterogeneous physical devices of multiple stakeholders to exchange information so that, for example, authorities can see the situation in the emergency area and, simultaneously, the policies of the owners can be taken into concern. Despite limited evaluation scenarios, it is shown that consideration of the ownership issues in the trustworthy communication for information exchanges between heterogeneous physical resources (devices) is possible and feasible. Several future research items, such as, for example, scalability; real-time and streams based operation; as well as consideration of the security, privacy, trust, and safety challenges, were detected. However, the evaluations showed that the constructed CPS hub contribute a set of very essential technical enablers for future smart CPS systems and create strong a basis for such future research towards a future smart society.

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“…The contribution of this research is related to the research and development of decentralised IOTA-based concepts of digital trust for securing remote driving in an urban environment. The applied research method is an experimental approach using hybrid simulation [2]. The challenges related to securing remote driving were analysed, the concepts for digital trust were studied and defined, and then the experimental solutions for them were developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised IOTA-Based Concepts of Digital Trust for Securing Remote Driving in an Urban Environment

Latvakoski,

Kyllönen,

Ronkainen

2023

IoT

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The novel contribution of this research is decentralised IOTA-based concepts of digital trust for securing remote driving in an urban environment. The conceptual solutions are studied and described, and respective experimental solutions are developed relying on digital identities, public key cryptography with a decentralised approach using decentralised identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials (VCs), and an IOTA-based distributed ledger. The provided digital trust solutions were validated by executing them according to the remote driving scenario but with a simulated vehicle and simulated remote driving system. The hybrid simulation mainly focused on the validation of functional, causal temporal correctness, feasibility, and capabilities of the provided solutions. The evaluations indicate that the concepts of digital trust fulfil the purpose and contribute towards making remote driving more trustable. A supervisory stakeholder was used as a verifier, requiring a set of example verifiable credentials from the vehicle and the remote driver, and accepting them to the security control channel. The separation of control and data planes from each other was found to be a good solution because the delays caused by required security control can be limited to the initiation of the remote driving session without causing additional delays in the actual real-time remote driving control data flow. The application of the IOTA Tangle as the verifiable data registry was found to be sufficient for security control purposes. During the evaluations, the need for further studies related to scalability, application of wallets, dynamic trust situations, time-sensitive behaviour, and autonomous operations, as well as smart contract(s) between multiple stakeholders, were detected. As the next step of this research, the provided digital trust solutions will be integrated with a vehicle, remote driving system and traffic infrastructure for evaluation of the performance, reliability, scalability, and flexibility in real-world experiments of remote driving of an electric bus in an urban environment.

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Simulation-Based Approach for Studying the Balancing of Local Smart Grids with Electric Vehicle Batteries

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Research and Innovation Agenda for Zero-Emission European Cities

A Research and Innovation Agenda for Zero-Emission European Cities

A Trustworthy Communication Hub for Cyber-Physical Systems

Decentralised IOTA-Based Concepts of Digital Trust for Securing Remote Driving in an Urban Environment

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