Simulation-Based Resilience Quantification of an Indoor Ultrasound Localization System in the Presence of Disruptions

Abstract

Time difference of arrival (TDOA) based indoor ultrasound localization systems are prone to multiple disruptions and demand reliable, and resilient position accuracy during operation. In this challenging context, a missing link to evaluate the performance of such systems is a simulation approach to test their robustness in the presence of disruptions. This approach cannot only replace experiments in early phases of development but could also be used to study susceptibility, robustness, response, and recovery in case of disruptions. The paper presents a simulation framework for a TDOA-based indoor ultrasound localization system and ways to introduce different types of disruptions. This framework can be used to test the performance of TDOA-based localization algorithms in the presence of disruptions. Resilience quantification results are presented for representative disruptions. Based on these quantities, it is found that localization with arc-tangent cost function is approximately 30% more resilient than the linear cost function. The simulation approach is shown to apply to resilience engineering and can be used to increase the efficiency and quality of indoor localization methods.

A Survey of Recent Indoor Localization Scenarios and Methodologies

“…However, in a general case, the ultrasound system can provide decent real-time localization accuracy (i.e., normally in centimeters, but can be narrowed to less than millimeters by calibration steps [11]) notably towards moving indoor objects such as human beings, with an advantage of the quick set-up of ultrasonic sensors and the simplicity of its system structure. To improve the performance of ultrasound localization systems, several related works investigated the peaks of circular cross-correlation [7,8,10] function for TOF (i.e., time of flight) [7,8] and TOA (i.e., time of arrival) [10] measurements of ultrasonic signals.…”

“…Besides, the indoor localization is rather different from the outdoor one that classic GPS-assisted methods cannot reach the accuracy requirement of indoor positioning, let alone the indoor networks' limited coverage range and the channel fading issues. The major indoor localization technologies [1][2][3] are: Wifi, bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB [4] (i.e., Ultra wideband), RFID [5] (i.e., Radio-identification), Ultrasound [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], iBeacons [13], etc. The indoor positioning can be divided into LOS and NLOS according to the deployment and the coverage range of the related APs.…”