Simulation-Driven Development of Combustion Engines: Theory and Examples

Abstract

T his paper describes the simulation-driven design process used in engines technology. The research question is "how to use research in the structural analysis and dynamics field to ensure world-class product development?" This paper describes research on simulation methodologies from the design process perspective, demonstrating the need for research in various steps of product development. Each section of the paper includes one or two practical examples in which research was needed to increase product design quality. In the product definition section, the Digital Design Platform (DDP) shows the coupling between product requirements and simulation tasks. At the concept design stage, it is shown that computational methods can optimize the placement of material in the case of the main bearing cap topology. The second example is JuliaFEM, an open-source finite element method (FEM) platform, which is suitable for heavy-duty method development, where the internals of the FE solver is needed to make new calculation methodologies available. The next section is about detailed design, where an example of an oil sump welds fatigue illustrates the continuous improvement of the simulation methodology. The second example is connecting rod fretting calculation, which illustrates the full complexity of the structural analysis and dynamics simulations. The second last process step is the virtual validation, where first the cylinder head simulation methodology shows the internal connections between different disciplines' simulations. Another example here is the crankshaft virtual validation process, which describes the complexity of the "simple" component calculation as well as illustrates the number of needed competencies. Finally, in the validation process step, Big Data analyses describe the internals and complexity of the methodologies. Lastly, counterweight measurement device development illustrates that validation of the simulation models and methods sometimes leads toward a measurement device development project. As a conclusion, all the previous methodologies are used to build the Wärtsilä 31 engine, which is the most efficient four-stroke engine in the world. It is, of course, a performance achievement, but a lot of research in simulation methodologies, as explained, was needed to make a reliable product with such a high cylinder peak pressure.

Feasibility and optimization of a bush-cut aluminium bronze big end bearing: a simulation-based study

“…The simulation and calculation of connecting rods with a finite element method (FEM) [5] in Wärtsilä dates back to the early seventies [1]. The history and development of structural analysis and dynamics seen in articles by Frondelius et al [1,6] show the great experience of Wärtsilä in this field. The knowledge on simulating connecting rods, as demonstrated in the studies by Göös et al [2], Mäntylä et al [3], and Bai et al [4], has been a considerable advantage for this paper.…”