Simulation models for the analysis of space heat consumption of buildings

Primary energy savings through thermal storage in district heating networks

“…In case of lack of a sufficient ensemble of reliable data on the thermal request, which may be due to the enlargement of the urban area connected to the district heating network, it is advisable to reconstruct the heat requirements during the heating season by using the following simple model. The heat demand is mainly dependent on the characteristics of the buildings (see for instance [26]) climate and human behavior [27]. Once the heat demand is known in some days, the demand in the entire year can be obtained as the function of the external temperature only.…”

Heat Roadmap Europe: Identifying the balance between saving heat and supplying heat

“…Several studies also conclude that heat savings cannot stand alone and that heat supply in the future will also be necessary through efficient heating technologies such as district heating [12] to avoid unfeasible investments in building refurbishments [13] [14]. This is in particular the case since there is a mismatch between the consumption in net zero-emission buildings and the production in the energy system [15].…”

Energy conservation measures in buildings heated by district heating – A local energy system perspective

“…The potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings has been studied in [10,11]. A number of papers have also concentrated on developing simulation and optimisation models for residential heating systems, often in combination with ECMs [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Tools for forecasting heat demand in order to optimise plant operation have been discussed in, for example [18,19].…”