Simulation of Chemical Interaction of Injected CO2 and Carbonic Acid Based on Laboratory Tests in 3D Coupled Geomechanical Modelling

Abstract

The M4 field is located in the North of the Central Luconia Province in the Sarawak Basin, East Malaysia. The reservoir is approximately 2000 m below sea-level where the water depth is approximately 120m. A study for CO2 geological storage has been carried out to address the feasibility of injecting and storing CO2 in the M4 depleted carbonate gas reservoir using 3D coupled geomechanical modeling. The water level in the reservoir has risen close to the cap-rock which implies a strong aquifer. Laboratory tests were carried out on core samples before and after injection of a CO2 saturated brine solution, and the results were used in the determination of material property strength and elastic property degradation due to acid-carbonate interaction. Triaxial compression tests on carbonate samples from three different depths at the peak loading stage of the tests for different confining pressures were performed. The effects of CO2 saturation on UCS, Young"s modulus and Poisson"s ratio were determined. The permeability measurements from the pore volume compressibility tests and permeability measurements obtained during the measurements of petrophysical properties were used to evaluate the effects of acidcarbonate interactions. The 3D geomechanical model coupled the reservoir pressures derived from a dynamic model with a stress simulator in order to calculate changes in effective stress and volumetric strain within the 3D model. The derived changes in volumetric strain were related to a change in porosity and permeability which were then passed back to the dynamic model in a staggered solution scheme. At each "stress step" in the solution process, a further modification was made to geomechanical material properties due to the increased CO2 saturation from injection. The material parameter modifications were based on the results of the laboratory tests above. In this way, the material property degradation due to CO2 injection was accounted for during the coupled reservoir geomechanical simulations. The paper discusses the results of these tests and the derived variation of material permeability, elasticity and strength parameters with CO2 saturation for subsequent input to the coupled geomechanical solution scheme. In this way, the potential risk due to the chemical interaction from CO2 injection could be evaluated quantitatively.