Simulation of containment and wireless emergency alerts within targeted pressure zones for water contamination management

Strickling, Hayden Leland; DiCarlo, Morgan Faye; Shafiee, M. Ehsan; Berglund, Emily Zechman

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101820

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Empirical research has identified several dynamics and causal pathways of interest such as: how differential access to information and resources can widen gaps following a shock, exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities ( 96 ); how complex cycles of intervention-adaptation in managed systems can lead to unpredictable outcomes with distributional implications ( 97 , 98 ); and how both autonomous (i.e., reactive) and planned adaptation can result in maladaptation, in which actions taken by an actor/institution shift risk to another space, time, or social group ( 51 ). Approaches to better represent these dynamics within models, discussed in SI Appendix , section S5 , range from developing fully coupled socio-technical or socio-ecological models, where different modeling approaches (e.g., agent-based models to represent differential behavioral responses and engineering models to represent infrastructure systems) are linked ( 99 , 100 ), to the targeted use of empirical data to parameterize heterogenous impacts based on differential vulnerability or adaptation drivers ( 101 , 102 ). Across these cases, new datasets are facilitating more sophisticated treatment of adaptation in models; however, care must be taken given structural gaps in these data sets for vulnerable households, and the potential for data to be used in ways that reinforce disparities (e.g., discriminatory screening for services) ( 90 , 96 – 98 ).…”

Section: Examples Throughout the Modeling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity and modeling in sustainability science: Examples and opportunities throughout the process

Giang,

Edwards,

Fletcher

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Equity is core to sustainability, but current interventions to enhance sustainability often fall short in adequately addressing this linkage. Models are important tools for informing action, and their development and use present opportunities to center equity in process and outcomes. This Perspective highlights progress in integrating equity into systems modeling in sustainability science, as well as key challenges, tensions, and future directions. We present a conceptual framework for equity in systems modeling, focused on its distributional, procedural, and recognitional dimensions. We discuss examples of how modelers engage with these different dimensions throughout the modeling process and from across a range of modeling approaches and topics, including water resources, energy systems, air quality, and conservation. Synthesizing across these examples, we identify significant advances in enhancing procedural and recognitional equity by reframing models as tools to explore pluralism in worldviews and knowledge systems; enabling models to better represent distributional inequity through new computational techniques and data sources; investigating the dynamics that can drive inequities by linking different modeling approaches; and developing more nuanced metrics for assessing equity outcomes. We also identify important future directions, such as an increased focus on using models to identify pathways to transform underlying conditions that lead to inequities and move toward desired futures. By looking at examples across the diverse fields within sustainability science, we argue that there are valuable opportunities for mutual learning on how to use models more effectively as tools to support sustainable and equitable futures.

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Section: Examples Throughout the Modeling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity and modeling in sustainability science: Examples and opportunities throughout the process

Giang,

Edwards,

Fletcher

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

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“…Geo-targeting as a design feature for WEAs is the act of sending emergency alerts to only people in affected areas with higher granularity than city-wide alerting. Targeted alerts have been shown to be effective in mitigating exposure to contaminated water areas [92], and previous research has shown that geo-targeting of alerts can be upgraded utilizing a smartphone's location history [49]. Without using geo-targeting of emergency alerts and with WEAs current limitations, civilians in unaffected areas may end up disabling the alerting service on their smartphones [49], and frequent exposure may damage the trust and image civilians hold of the alerting authority [12].…”

Section: Design Of Alertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tale of Seven Alerts: Enhancing Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) to Reduce Cellular Network Usage During Disasters

Lambropoulos,

Yousefvand,

Mandayam

2021

Preprint

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In weather disasters, first responders access dedicated communication channels different from civilian commercial channels to facilitate rescues. However, rescues in recent disasters have increasingly involved civilian and volunteer forces, requiring civilian channels not to be overloaded with traffic. We explore seven enhancements to the wording of Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) and their effectiveness in getting smartphone users to comply, including reducing frivolous mobile data consumption during critical weather disasters. We conducted a between-subjects survey (N=898), in which participants were either assigned no alert (control) or an alert framed as Basic Information, Altruism, Multimedia, Negative Feedback, Positive Feedback, Reward, or Punishment. We find that Basic Information alerts resulted in the largest reduction of multimedia and video services usage; we also find that Punishment alerts have the lowest absolute compliance. This work has implications for creating more effective WEAs and providing a better understanding of how wording can affect emergency alert compliance.

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“…Other agent-based models couple a population of agents with the hydraulic simulation of a water distribution system to evaluate how network flows are impacted by changing demands. Models capture water use changes during a water supply contamination event, based on exposure to the contaminant, communication from public officials, and social influence of peers [12,13,[72][73][74][75][76][77]. Another set of studies uses agent-based modeling coupled with hydraulic simulation to evaluate how flows in a reclaimed water network and a potable water network change as customers adopt or resist water reuse programs [14,27,78].…”

Section: Agent-based Modeling For Water Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Water Grid for Micro-Trading Rainwater: Hydraulic Feasibility Analysis

Ramsey

Pesantez

Fasaee

et al. 2020

Water

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Water availability is increasingly stressed in cities across the world due to population growth, which increases demands, and climate change, which can decrease supply. Novel water markets and water supply paradigms are emerging to address water shortages in the urban environment. This research develops a new peer-to-peer non-potable water market that allows households to capture, use, sell, and buy rainwater within a network of water users. A peer-to-peer non-potable water market, as envisioned in this research, would be enabled by existing and emerging technologies. A dual reticulation system, which circulates non-potable water, serves as the backbone for the water trading network by receiving water from residential rainwater tanks and distributing water to households for irrigation purposes. Prosumer households produce rainwater by using cisterns to collect and store rainwater and household pumps to inject rainwater into the network at sufficiently high pressures. The smart water grid would be enabled through an array of information and communication technologies that provide capabilities for automated and real-time metering of water flow, control of infrastructure, and trading between households. The goal of this manuscript is to explore and test the hydraulic feasibility of a micro-trading system through an agent-based modeling approach. Prosumer households are represented as agents that store rainwater and pump rainwater into the network; consumer households are represented as agents that withdraw water from the network for irrigation demands. An all-pipe hydraulic model is constructed and loosely coupled with the agent-based model to simulate network hydraulics. A set of scenarios are analyzed to explore how micro-trading performs based on the level of irrigation demands that could realistically be met through decentralized trading; pressure and energy requirements at prosumer households; pressure and water quality in the pipe network.

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Simulation of containment and wireless emergency alerts within targeted pressure zones for water contamination management

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Equity and modeling in sustainability science: Examples and opportunities throughout the process

Equity and modeling in sustainability science: Examples and opportunities throughout the process

Tale of Seven Alerts: Enhancing Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) to Reduce Cellular Network Usage During Disasters

A Smart Water Grid for Micro-Trading Rainwater: Hydraulic Feasibility Analysis

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