Simulation of Current Pulses and Sound Waves Resulting from Partial Discharges in a Needle-Plane Geometry in Air

Abstract

Partial discharges can occur in different types of electric equipment and cause progressive insulation deterioration, so there is interest in monitoring partial discharges for assessing the state of the isolation of an electric system and to predict failures. Techniques to detect partial discharges, such as detecting ultrasonic emission, have been proposed in the literature, but as various effects can co-occur during a discharge, identifying characteristics in sound and pressure waveforms and correlating then with discharge characteristics is difficult. Simulations can assist in these correlations by allowing the isolation of the different phenomena. In this work the drift diffusion model, including photoionization, is coupled with the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes equations to simulate ultrasonic waves produced by partial discharges. Previous works have used the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, so they can simulate ionic wind produced by the Trichel pulses, but no sound. In the literature, simulations have focused either on streamers or Trichel pulses. In this work both discharges and produced sound waves are successfully simulated for the needle-plane geometry in air. The electric current and charge per pulse are compared with experimental results reported in the literature for the same discharge conditions. The simulations have demonstrated that the sound waves depart from the electrode tip for the Trichel pulses, and for the streamers two sound waves are produced, one from the electrode tip and the other from the whole discharge length. Differences in the wave front with respect to the relative position to the electrode tip were analyzed, showing that near the discharge spot the sound wave is not a spherical wavefront. The sound wave for one of the discharges in the Trichel pulse regime was compared with experimental results in the literature. Results are in good agreement with the experimental data found in the literature. Both current and sound waves were successfully predicted and correlated with the discharge, results that can be used to help in the detection of partial discharges.

Modeling Time-Evolving Electrical Conductivity in Air Ionization Plasma under DC Voltage: A Finite-Difference Time-Domain Approach for Needle-Plate Setup Based on Laboratory Experiments

“…This geometry creates a concentrated electric field at the needle tip, which can lead to the occurrence of partial discharges [14] due to air ionization. Several studies have been carried out in this knowledge field covering both experimental tests and numerical modeling [3,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. The needle-plate configuration serves as a key reference problem for validating computational models and refining diagnostic techniques.…”

“…In [18], the authors deduced an equation for discharge current from Ampere's law, Gauss's divergence theorem, and the Poynting Vector. Through coupling with the Navier-Stokes equations, they simulated currents and sounds caused by partial discharges for high continuous voltages.…”

Numerical approaches in simulating Trichel pulse characteristics in point-plane configuration

“…The controlled Trichel pulse generation can find potential applications in electrospray thrusters, or where there is a need for precise manipulation of the production of the charge species, the electric field, and heat and momentum transfer to the objects. The issue of emission of ultrasonic waves was addressed in [16] considering the linearized form of Navier-Stokes' (NS) equations. Finally, the effect of ionic wind and transverse flows were discussed in [17][18][19], respectively.…”

“…Even though the photoionization occurs in the discharges of both polarities, its effect can be ignored in the negative discharges [30,53,54]. Therefore, there are only few studies in which the photoionization is considered in the modeling of negative current pulses [7,16,32,33,55]. Pulses can also occur for the positive discharge.…”