Simulation of Eisenmenger syndrome with ventricular septal defect using equivalent electronic system

Abstract

Our model is effective and available for simulating normal cardiac conditions and cardiovascular diseases, especially the Eisenmenger syndrome.

Lumped-Parameter Circuit Platform for Simulating Typical Cases of Pulmonary Hypertensions from Point of Hemodynamics

“…That is to say, the value of resistance R ltor is inverse to the opening area. The study in [11] observed that the resistance could be 1000 hydraulic resistance unit for normal and greatly reduced to 0.15 unit for large VSD. Authors are inspired by the nonlinear relation between mitral resistance and corresponding area, which was proposed by Beyer et al [48].…”

“…The simulation results showed that abnormal LV diastolic performance alone can result in decreased LV and right ventricular (RV) systolic performance [10]. Besides, Korurek et al simulated Eisenmenger syndrome with ventricular septal defect [11]. It was found that there was a remarkable increase in the pulmonary artery pressure and RV pressure, but decrease in LV pressure, aortic pressure, aortic flow and pulmonary compliance.…”

“…Congenital heart disease is one of the major causes of PH, and patients with VSD are the most common congenital cardiac disorder, characterized by an abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, which allows blood to shunt between the left and right ventricles [11,42,43], see in Fig. 10.…”

Treatment Strategies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Defects with Shunt: A Group of Important Intensive Care Patient in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery

“…Dinlenme esnasında sağ kalp kateterizasyonuyla ölçülen ortalama pulmoner arter basıncında ≥ 25 mmHg artış pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyon olarak tanımlanır (1) . Atriyal septal defekt, ventriküler septal defekt ve patent duktus arteriyozus gibi yapısal kalp hastalıkları, doğumsal pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyonun önemli nedenlerindendir (2,3) . Erişkinlerde görülen doğumsal kalp hastalığı olgularında pulmoner arteriyel hipertansiyon prevalansı %5-10 arasında değişmektedir (4) .…”

“…Sol-sağ şantlar ve basınç artışı nedeniyle pulmoner yatağın uzun süre yüksek kan akışına maruz kalması pulmoner obstrüktif arteriyopatiye ve sonuçta pulmoner vasküler direnç artışına neden olabilir. Pulmoner vasküler direnç sistemik vasküler dirence yaklaşır ya da onu geçerse şant tersine döner; bu durum Eisenmenger sendromu olarak adlandırılır (2) . Eisenmenger sendromunda düşük pH, düşük arteriyel oksijen satürasyonu ve sekonder eritrositoz dispne, siyanoz ve halsizlik gibi şikayetlerin gelişiminden sorumludur.…”