Simulation of extreme rainfall and streamflow events in  small Mediterranean watersheds with a one-way-coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system

Camera, Corrado; Bruggeman, Adriana; Zittis, George; Sofokleous, Ioannis; Arnault, Joël

doi:10.5194/nhess-20-2791-2020

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Arnault et al (2018) and Arnault, Wagner, et al (2016) brought evidence that a spinup period of a few months is sufficient to simulate realistic land surface conditions in Europe and West Africa with WRF‐Hydro. In this study, the five‐month spinup period is chosen as a compromise between the two‐week spinup period employed for example in Camera et al (2020), and a one‐year spinup period employed for example in Rummler et al (2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral terrestrial water flow contribution to summer precipitation at continental scale – A comparison between Europe and West Africa with WRF‐Hydro‐tag ensembles

Arnault

Fersch

Rummler

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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It is well accepted that summer precipitation can be altered by soil moisture condition. Coupled land surfaceatmospheric models have been routinely used to quantify soil moistureprecipitation feedback processes. However, most of the land surface models (LSMs) assume a vertical soil water transport and neglect lateral terrestrial water flow at the surface and in the subsurface, which potentially reduces the realism of the simulated soil moistureprecipitation feedback. In this study, the contribution of lateral terrestrial water flow to summer precipitation is assessed in two different climatic regions, Europe and West Africa, for the period June-September 2008. A version of the coupled atmospheric-hydrological model WRF-Hydro with an option to tag and trace land surface evaporation in the modelled atmosphere, named WRF-Hydro-tag, is employed. An ensemble of 30 simulations with terrestrial routing and 30 simulations without terrestrial routing is generated with random realizations of turbulent energy with the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme, for both Europe and West Africa. The ensemble size allows to extract random noise from continental-scale averaged modelled precipitation. It is found that lateral terrestrial water flow increases the relative contribution of land surface evaporation to precipitation by 3.6% in Europe and 5.6% in West Africa, which enhances a positive soil moistureprecipitation feedback and generates more uncertainty in modelled precipitation, as diagnosed by a slight increase in normalized ensemble spread. This study demonstrates the small but non-negligible contribution of lateral terrestrial water flow to precipitation at continental scale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral terrestrial water flow contribution to summer precipitation at continental scale – A comparison between Europe and West Africa with WRF‐Hydro‐tag ensembles

Arnault

Fersch

Rummler

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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“…The hydrological component of CHAOS is based on the WRF‐Hydro version 5.1.1 model (Gochis et al, 2020), because it is a fully‐distributed, multi‐physics, and multi‐scale hydrological model (Yucel, Onen, Yilmaz, & Gochis, 2015), with advanced capabilities for flood forecasting (Abbaszadeh, Gavahi, & Moradkhani, 2020; Avolio et al, 2019; Camera, Bruggeman, Zittis, Sofokleous, & Arnault, 2020; Furnari, Mendicino, & Senatore, 2020; Hunt & Menon, 2020; Lin et al, 2018; Ryu et al, 2017; Sun et al, 2020), and the ability to holistically represent atmosphere‐hydro‐land processes (Givati, Gochis, Rummler, & Kunstmann, 2016; Senatore et al, 2015). The hydrological component was set up on the innermost domain (D04: 250 m × 250 m) of the meteorological component covering the flooded region (Figure 3b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating sea‐state effects on flash flood hydrograph and inundation forecasting

Papaioannou

Varlas

Λουκάς

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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A common source of uncertainty in flood inundation forecasting is the hydrograph used.Given the role of sea-air-hydro-land chain processes on the water cycle, flood hydrographs in coastal areas can be indirectly affected by sea state. This study investigates sea-state effects on precipitation, discharge, and flood inundation forecasting implementing atmospheric, ocean wave, hydrological, and hydraulic-hydrodynamic coupled models. The Chemical Hydrological Atmospheric Ocean wave System (CHAOS) was used for coupled hydro-meteorological-wave simulations 'accounting' or 'not accounting' the impact of sea state on precipitation and, subsequently, on flood hydrograph. CHAOS includes the WRF-Hydro hydrological model and the WRF-ARW meteorological model two-way coupled with the WAM wave model through the OASIS3-MCT coupler. Subsequently, the 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic-hydrodynamic model was forced by the flood hydrographs and map the inundated areas. A flash flood event occurred on 15 November 2017 in Mandra, Attica, Greece, causing 24 fatalities, and damages was selected as case study. The calibration of models was performed exploiting historical flood records and previous studies. Human interventions such as hydraulic works and the urban areas were included in the hydraulic modelling geometry domain.The representation of the resistance caused by buildings was based on Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) data while the local elevation rise method was used in the urban-flood simulation. The flood extent results were assessed using the Critical Success Index (CSI), and CSI penalize. Integrating sea-state affected the forecast of precipitation and discharge peaks, causing up to +24% and from −8% to +36% differences, respectively, improving inundation forecast by 4.5% and flooding additional approximately 70 building blocks. The precipitation forcing time step was also highlighted as significant factor in such a small-scale flash flood. The integrated multidisciplinary methodological approach could be adopted in operational forecasting for civil protection applications facilitating the protection of socio-economic activities and human lives during similar future events.

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“…For the surface layer parameterization the Eta geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory (GFDL) scheme (Schwarzkopf and Fels, 1991) was adopted. The Noah land surface model scheme (Chen and Dudhia, 2001) and Mellor-Yamada-Janjić (MYJ) parameterization (Janjic, 2002) were chosen as land surface and planetary boundary layer schemes, respectively. Noah-MP introduces multiple options and tunable parameters to simulate the land surface processes.…”

Section: The Fully Coupled Modeling System 221 Advanced Research Wrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of WRF-Hydro at two drainage basins in the region of Attica, Greece, for operational flood forecasting

Galanaki

Lagouvardos

Kotroni

et al. 2021

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. An integrated modeling approach for forecasting flood events is presented in the current study. An advanced flood forecasting model, which is based on the coupling of hydrological and atmospheric components, was used for a twofold objective: first to investigate the potential of a coupled hydrometeorological model to be used for flood forecasting at two medium-size drainage basins in the area of Attica (Greece) and second to investigate the influence of the use of the coupled hydrometeorological model on the precipitation forecast skill. For this reason, we used precipitation and hydrometric in situ data for six flood events at two selected drainage regions of Attica. The simulations were carried out with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (WRF-only) and the WRF-Hydro system in a fully coupled mode, under which surface, subsurface, and channel hydrological processes were parameterized at a fine-resolution grid of 95 m approximately. Results showed that the coupled WRF-Hydro system was capable of producing the observed discharge during the flood episodes, after the adequate calibration method applied at the studied basins. This outcome provides confidence that the model configuration under the two-way atmospheric–hydrological coupling is robust and, thus, can be used for operational flood forecasting purposes in the area of Attica. In addition, the WRF-Hydro model showed a tendency to slightly improve the simulated precipitation in comparison to the precipitation produced by the atmospheric-only version of the model (WRF), demonstrating the capability of the coupled WRF-Hydro model to enhance the precipitation forecast skill for operational flood predictions.

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Simulation of extreme rainfall and streamflow events in small Mediterranean watersheds with a one-way-coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Lateral terrestrial water flow contribution to summer precipitation at continental scale – A comparison between Europe and West Africa with WRF‐Hydro‐tag ensembles

Lateral terrestrial water flow contribution to summer precipitation at continental scale – A comparison between Europe and West Africa with WRF‐Hydro‐tag ensembles

Investigating sea‐state effects on flash flood hydrograph and inundation forecasting

Implementation of WRF-Hydro at two drainage basins in the region of Attica, Greece, for operational flood forecasting

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