Simulation of fully non-stationary spatially varying ground motions considering nonlinear soil behavior

Yao, Erlei; Wang, Suyang; Miao, Yu; Lin, Ye; Zhu, Ling

doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105954

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To incorporate the influence of non-linear soil behavior into the simulation of fully non-stationary SVEGMs and based on the assumption that the soil property is linear at each minute time interval, the authors obtained time-varying soil properties by using a numerical site response analysis and substituted time-varying shear modulus and damping ratio data into the classical transfer function, and then time-varying transfer function was established (Detailed information can be found in Refs. [51,52]):…”

Section: Time-varying Transfer Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The site with local soft interlayer shown in Figure 1b is still utilized in this example, and non-linear soil behavior (time-varying shear modulus and damping ratio) is considered for each soil layer and the soft interlayer by using the Davidenkov non-linear visco-elastic dynamic constitutive model (taking modulus reduction, damping ratio increase, and irreversible plastic deformations into account) in the numerical site response analysis (detail information about this model can be found in Ref. [52]). To give a general evaluation on the difference between linear soil and non-linear soil cases, varying PGAs of input motion are also considered besides shear wave velocity, buried depth, and thickness of soft interlayer as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Setup Of the Numerical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the decay stage of ground motion, the shear modulus and damping of soil may recover and thus the amplification and filtering effects may recover as well [51,52]. Taking all abovementioned into consideration, the nonlinear soil behavior during earthquake may considerably change the amplification and filtering effect of soil on ground motion and thus the soft interlayer that may reflect highly non-linearity might possess non-negligible influence on the spatial coherency between SVEGMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Influence of a Soft Soil Interlayer on Spatially Varying Ground Motions

Yao

Miao

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The existence of local soft interlayer can significantly amplify or attenuate the ground motion and thus might influence the lagged spatial coherency between spatially varying earthquake ground motions. A target site with a local soft interlayer was assumed first, and then two numerical examples were set. In example 1, linear soil behavior was considered and a large amount of quasi-stationary spatially varying earthquake ground motions were generated by combining the one-dimensional wave propagation theory and the classical spectral representation method. The influence regularity of varying shear wave velocity, buried depth, and thickness of the soft interlayer on the characteristics of lagged spatial coherency was investigated. In example 2, non-linear soil behavior was taken into account and fully non-stationary spatially varying earthquake ground motions were thus generated by using time-varying transfer function and spectral representation method. An overall evaluation was carried out to shed light on the differences of characteristics of spatial coherency between non-linear soil and linear soil cases. It showed that: (i) As the shear wave velocity of interlayer declines and as the buried depth and thickness increase, remarkable reduction of spatial coherency showed up; (ii) the reduction of lagged spatial coherency caused by varying buried depth may be more inclined to concentrate in the lower frequency range; (iii) the non-linear soil behavior can cause greater further reduction of lagged spatial coherency in comparison with linear soil behavior, especially in the higher frequency range; (iv) the troughs of lagged spatial coherency curve tend to be located in the variation range of vibration frequency of time-varying spectral ratio.

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Section: Time-varying Transfer Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setup Of the Numerical Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Influence of a Soft Soil Interlayer on Spatially Varying Ground Motions

Yao

Miao

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…Besides, to reduce the calculation time and cost involved in the time-history analysis of complex or extended structures, only few samples or a set of random processes (e.g., seismic ground motion) would be generated and used in practice. Because the generated realizations that are utilized as inputs in time domain analysis of structures have great influence on the results [8][9][10][11][12], the rational estimation of these errors is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Hilbert Spectral Representation Method for Synthesizing Spatially Correlated Earthquake Ground Motions and Its Error Assessment

Zhu

Yao

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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This paper is an extension of the random amplitude-based improved Hilbert spectral representation method (IHSRM) that the authors developed previously for the simulation of spatially correlated earthquake ground motions (SCEGMs) possessing the nonstationary characteristics of the natural earthquake record. In fact, depending on the fundamental types (random phase method and random amplitude method) and matrix decomposition methods (Cholesky decomposition, root decomposition, and eigendecomposition), the IHSRM possesses various types. To evaluate the influence of different types of this method on the statistic errors, i.e., bias errors and stochastic errors, an error assessment for this method was conducted. First, the random phase-based IHSRM was derived, and its reliability was proven by theoretical deduction. Unified formulas were given for random phase- and random amplitude-based IHSRMs, respectively. Then, the closed-form solutions of statistic errors of simulated seismic motions were derived. The validness of the proposed closed-form solutions was proven by comparing the closed-form solutions with estimated values. At last, the stochastic errors of covariance (i.e., variance and cross-covariance) for different types of IHSRMs were compared, and the results showed that (1) the proposed IHSRM is not ergodic; (2) the random amplitude-based IHSRMs possessed higher stochastic errors of covariance than the random phase-based IHSRMs; and (3) the value of the stochastic error of covariance for the random phase-based IHSRM is dependent on the matrix decomposition method, while that for the random amplitude-based one is not.

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Analysis and assessment of ground motion characteristics and similarity using dynamic time warping distance

He,

Sun,

Chen

2023

J Seismol

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Due to the complex nonstationarity of ground motion in time-frequency domain, the traditional methods of comparing and evaluating earthquake waveforms have not enough ability and accuracy to distinguish the details and changing features of the similar waves, which makes the similarity evaluation of waveform is di cult to be quanti ed accurately. The similarity degree of different signals can be calculated precisely according to Dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm, so it can be used for waveform comparison and similarity evaluation. In order to improve the traditional method, a method based on DTW distance is proposed to identify the earthquake waveform and analyze the ground motion characteristics. Based on the statistical analysis of a great quantity of earthquake waves, the changes law of DTW distance considering amplitude, time lag, noise signal ratio, site type and the comprehensive effect is obtained. DTW distance is proved to be used as a compatible evaluation standard for waveform re nement. It is veri ed that DTW distance and vector norm are essentially equivalent. In the analysis of ground motion, DTW distance is implicated in the equivalent amplitude and energy of earthquake waves. The physical connotation of DTW distance is demonstrated by analyzing the data of the station array, and the results show that the distribution of DTW distance can accurately imply the time-space variation effect of the earthquake in the region. The reasonable reference range of DTW distance is de ned by statistical method, and the corresponding evaluation standard of synthetic multi-point ground motion with real characteristics is proposed. In the synthetic accuracy evaluation of arti cial ground motion with spatial variation effect, the combination of ground motions with more real characteristics can be obtained by evaluating and optimizing the waveforms according to the variation rule and range of DTW distance.

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Simulation of fully non-stationary spatially varying ground motions considering nonlinear soil behavior

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Study on the Influence of a Soft Soil Interlayer on Spatially Varying Ground Motions

Study on the Influence of a Soft Soil Interlayer on Spatially Varying Ground Motions

An Improved Hilbert Spectral Representation Method for Synthesizing Spatially Correlated Earthquake Ground Motions and Its Error Assessment

Analysis and assessment of ground motion characteristics and similarity using dynamic time warping distance

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