Simulation of high-frequency sinusoidal electrical block of mammalian myelinated axons

Bhadra, Niloy; Lahowetz, Emily A.; Foldes, Stephen T.; Kilgore, Kevin L.

doi:10.1007/s10827-006-0015-5

Cited by 128 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…computer simulations [1], [4], [5], [7], [9]. Two sequential phases have been identified to describe the onset response in terms of the force generated in the muscle innervated by the blocked nerve [1], [9] (example in Figure 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counted cycles method to quantify the onset response in high-frequency peripheral nerve block

Foldes

Ackermann

Bhadra

et al. 2009

2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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The clinical use of high frequency alternating current (HFAC) to block nerve conduction in peripheral nerves is limited due to the large volley of nerve activity generated at the initiation of HFAC. This "onset response" must be characterized in order to determine if it is possible to eliminate it. In this study, preliminary experiments were conducted in an in-vivo animal model using counted cycles of HFAC to investigate and quantify the onset response. Using this method, it is possible to show quantitatively that the onset response has two phases with distinct characteristics. Eliminating the onset response is likely to require addressing each phase independently. It was also possible to show that HFAC establishes a complete block of nerve activity in 50-100 ms.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counted cycles method to quantify the onset response in high-frequency peripheral nerve block

Foldes

Ackermann

Bhadra

et al. 2009

2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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“…The RMF induced-electric current may flow into or out of the axonal membrane, thus hyperpolarize or depolarize the membrane with the same outcome of blocking axonal conduction [25,26]. This explanation was well demonstrated in the study showing that a same magnets rotating (at 7300 circles/min) in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions produced the same effects of prolonging TF latency and increasing MWT (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Rotating Magnets Produce a Prompt Analgesia Effect in Rats

Chen¹,

Ye²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

PIER M

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Abstract-The beneficial effects of chronic/repeated magnetic stimulation on humans have been examined in previous studies. Although pain relief effects have been reported several weeks after magnetic treatment, no report is available regarding the prompt effect of magnetic stimulations. In this study, a novel apparatus was developed to generate time-varying magnetic fields with rotating magnets. Adult, conscious rats were exposed to the rotating magnets in a posture in which their spines were parallel to the induced electric current. The magnetic field suppressed the paw withdrawal reflex in the anesthetized rats, and the suppression effect disappeared 5 minutes after magnets stopped rotating. The tail flick (TF) latency and mechanic withdrawal thresholds (MWT) of the rats were significantly increased by the rotating magnets; the increases positively correlated with the velocity and period of the magnet rotating. These analgesia effects recovered to the baseline level 30 minutes after magnets stopped rotating. A biophysics model was proposed to qualitatively understand the mechanism of pain inhibition by the rotating field. The prompt analgesia effect of the rotating magnets and its rapid recovery encourage the application of this technique as a promising new analgesia and anesthesia method.

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“…Modeling of the neuronal dynamics of single axons subjected to high frequency currents has been performed for monopolar point source electrodes using several axon models [7], [8], [16], [17]. Similar models simulating multipolar electrodes may prove useful for elucidating a biophysical explanation for the trends presented in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode design for high frequency block: Effect of bipolar separation on block thresholds and the onset response

Ackermann

Foldes

Bhadra

et al. 2009

2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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The delivery of high frequency alternating currents (HFAC) to peripheral nerves has been shown to produce a rapid and reversible nerve conduction block at the site of the electrode, and holds therapeutic promise for diseases associated with undesired or pathological neural activity. It has been known since 1939 that the configuration of an electrode used for nerve block can impact the quality of the block, but to date no formal study of the impact of electrode design on high frequency nerve block has been performed. Using a mammalian small animal model, it is demonstrated that the contact separation distance for a bipolar nerve cuff electrode can impact two important factors related to high frequency nerve block: the amplitude of HFAC required to block the nerve (block threshold), and the degree to which the transient "onset response" which always occurs when HFAC is first applied to peripheral nerves, is present. This study suggests that a bipolar electrode with a separation distance of 1.0 mm minimizes current delivery while producing high frequency block with a minimal onset response in the rat sciatic nerve.

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Simulation of high-frequency sinusoidal electrical block of mammalian myelinated axons

Cited by 128 publications

References 27 publications

Counted cycles method to quantify the onset response in high-frequency peripheral nerve block

Counted cycles method to quantify the onset response in high-frequency peripheral nerve block

Rotating Magnets Produce a Prompt Analgesia Effect in Rats

Electrode design for high frequency block: Effect of bipolar separation on block thresholds and the onset response

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