Simulation of High-Viscosity Generalized Newtonian Fluid Flows in the Mixing Section of a Screw Extruder Using the Lattice Boltzmann Model

Abstract

The mixing quality of polymer melts in the mixing section of a single-screw extruder and an injection molding machine has considerable effects on the properties of the molded products. Therefore, the study of the flow field of polymer melts in the mixing section is of great importance. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) exhibits unique advantages in simulating non-Newtonian fluids. Many researchers have used LBM to study the flow of medium- and low-viscosity fluids. In their studies, the Reynolds number of fluid flows is generally moderate. However, polymer melts are typical high-viscosity fluids, and their flow Reynolds number is generally very small. The single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (SRT–LBM) has been used previously to study the flow field of power law fluids in the mixing section. Herein, the flow field of high-viscosity generalized Newtonian fluids in the mixing section of a single-screw extruder is studied using SRT–LBM, the two-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (TRT–LBM), and the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT–LBM). Through comparison, TRT–LBM has been found to exhibit obvious advantages regarding stability, calculation accuracy, calculation efficiency, and selection of simulation parameters. The TRT–LBM is more suitable for studying high-viscosity generalized Newtonian fluids than SRT–LBM and MRT–LBM. SRT–LBM has low computational efficiency when simulating high-viscosity generalized Newtonian fluids, and instability is easily caused when the fluid has a yield stress. For MRT–LBM, only by studying the relaxation parameters can its advantages be fully utilized. However, optimizing the accuracy and stability of the MRT–LBM via parameter research and linear stability analysis is difficult. For non-Newtonian fluids, it is difficult to optimize the relaxation parameters to make the MRT–LBM more stable and accurate than the TRT–LBM. It is difficult for the MRT–LBM to realize its potential when simulating high-viscosity generalized Newtonian fluids. In addition, we studied the flow pattern in the cross section of the screw channel and compared it to the results reported in previous studies.