Simulation of Martensitic Transformation of High Strength and Elongation Steel by Cellular Automaton

Yong, Zhi; Liu, Wei Jie; Liu, Xiang Hua

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.235

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The nucleation of martensite lath is concentrated at the interface of the austenite grain. The nucleation rate of the martensite lath is given by [ 14 ]

where n i is the assumed potential number of nuclei; υ is the lattice vibration frequency; Δ G a is the activation energy of nucleation; and k is Boltzmann constant.…”

Section: Simulation For Microstructure Transformation Based On Ca Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nucleation of martensite lath is concentrated at the interface of the austenite grain. The nucleation rate of the martensite lath is given by [14]…”

Section: Kinetic Model Of Martensite Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bos et al [ 13 ] established a CA model to simulate the microstructure recrystallization and transformation of the dual-phase steel during the annealing process. Zhi et al [ 14 ] conducted a CA simulation on the martensite transformation of the high strength and elongation steel in the quenching process and analyzed the martensite fraction at different cooling temperatures. Shabaniverki et al [ 15 ] proposed a model to assess the softening kinetics and simulated the microstructure transformation during isothermal annealing within the aluminum alloy by the CA approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hardness Prediction of Grind-Hardening Layer Based on Integrated Approach of Finite Element and Cellular Automata

2021

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As an emerging composite processing technology, the grind-hardening process implements efficient removal on workpiece materials and surface strengthening by the effective utilization of grinding heat. The strengthening effect of grind-hardening on a workpiece surface is principally achieved by a hardened layer, which is chiefly composed of martensite. As a primary parameter to evaluate the strengthening effect, the hardness of the hardened layer mostly depends on the surface microstructure of the workpiece. On this basis, this paper integrated the finite element (FE) and cellular automata (CA) approach to explore the distribution and variation of the grinding temperature of the workpiece surface in a grind-hardening process. Moreover, the simulation of the transformation process of “initial microstructure–austenite–martensite” for the workpiece helps determine the martensite fraction and then predict the hardness of the hardened layer with different grinding parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the hardness prediction is confirmed by the grind-hardening experiment. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the variation in the grinding temperature will cause the formation to a certain depth of a hardened layer on the workpiece surface in the grind-hardening process. Actually, the martensite fraction determines the hardness of the hardened layer. As the grinding depth and feeding speed increase, the martensite fraction grows, which results in an increase in its hardness value.

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“…The nucleation of martensite lath is concentrated at the interface of the austenite grain. The nucleation rate of the martensite lath is given by [ 14 ]

where n i is the assumed potential number of nuclei; υ is the lattice vibration frequency; Δ G a is the activation energy of nucleation; and k is Boltzmann constant.…”

Section: Simulation For Microstructure Transformation Based On Ca Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nucleation of martensite lath is concentrated at the interface of the austenite grain. The nucleation rate of the martensite lath is given by [14]…”

Section: Kinetic Model Of Martensite Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hardness Prediction of Grind-Hardening Layer Based on Integrated Approach of Finite Element and Cellular Automata

2021

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Study on the influence of the grinding chatter on the workpiece’s microstructure transformation

Sun

Liu

Lan

et al. 2018

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Modeling of the Evolution of the Microstructure and the Hardness Penetration Depth for a Hypoeutectoid Steel Processed by Grind-Hardening

Guo

Liu

Yin

et al. 2020

Metals

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Grind-hardening processing is an emerging approach that combines the grinding and surface quenching process. During the process, the hardened layer—mainly martensite—is produced on the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of surface strengthening. Above all, the surface temperature field of the hypoeutectoid-1045 steel workpiece was determined by finite element method for fully revealing the formation mechanism of the hardened layer. Further, the cellular automata approach was applied to dynamically simulate the transformation of both austenitization and martensitization from the initial microstructure. The hardness penetration depth was also predicted. Finally, a grind-hardening experiment was conducted to assess the theoretical study. Results showed that a combination of the finite element method and the cellular automata approach can effectively simulate the microstructure transformation of hardened layer. The microstructure and the hardness penetration depth were affected by the maximum grinding temperature and the heating rate. Research on the influence of grinding parameters showed that the hardness penetration depth increased as the depth of the wheel cut and feeding speed increased. Experiments revealed that the difference between predicted value and experimental value of the hardness penetration depth varied between 2.83% and 7.31%, which confirmed the effectiveness of the predicted model.

show abstract

Simulation of Martensitic Transformation of High Strength and Elongation Steel by Cellular Automaton

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Hardness Prediction of Grind-Hardening Layer Based on Integrated Approach of Finite Element and Cellular Automata

Hardness Prediction of Grind-Hardening Layer Based on Integrated Approach of Finite Element and Cellular Automata

Study on the influence of the grinding chatter on the workpiece’s microstructure transformation

Modeling of the Evolution of the Microstructure and the Hardness Penetration Depth for a Hypoeutectoid Steel Processed by Grind-Hardening

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