Simulation of Multiple-Stage Fracturing in Quasibrittle Shale Formations Using Pore Pressure Cohesive Zone Model

Haddad, Mahdi; Sepehrnoori, Kamy

doi:10.15530/urtec-2014-1922219

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Shin and Sharma (2014) also used XFEM to analyze the impact of various factors controlling the simultaneous propagation of multiple competing fractures. Haddad and Sepehrnoori (2014) used a similar method coupled with a cohesive zone model to look at the propagation of 3D competing fractures. The authors showed competitive growth with fracture curving in another publication (Haddad and Sepehrnoori 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Effective Stimulation of Multiple Perforation Clusters in Horizontal Wells

Manchanda

Bryant

Bhardwaj

et al. 2016

Day 1 Tue, February 09, 2016

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Increasing the efficiency of completions in horizontal wells is an important concern in the oil and gas industry. To decrease the number of fracturing stages per well it is common practice to use multiple clusters per stage. This is done with the hope that most of the clusters in the stage will be effectively stimulated. Diagnostic evidence, however, suggests that in many cases only 1 or 2 clusters out of 4 or 5 clusters in a stage are effectively stimulated.In this paper strategies to maximize the number of effectively stimulated perforation clusters are discussed. A fully 3-D poroelastic model that simulates the propagation of non-planar fractures in heterogeneous media is developed and used to model the propagation of multiple competing, fractures. A parametric study is first conducted to show how important fracture design variables such as limited entry perforations and cluster spacing; and formation parameters such as permeability, lateral and verical heterogeneity affect the growth of competing fractures. The effect of stress shadowing due to both mechanical and poroelastic effects is accounted for.3-D numerical simulations have been performed to show the impact of some operational and reservoir parameters on simultaneous competitive fracture propagation. It was found that an increase in stage spacing decreases the stress interference between propagating fractures and increases the number of propagating fractures in a stage. It was also found that an increase in reservoir permeability can decrease the stress interference between propagating fractures because of poro-elastic stress changes. A modest (about 25%) variability in reservoir mechanical properties along the wellbore is shown to be enough to alter the number of fractures created in a hydraulic fracturing stage and mask the effects of stress shadowing. Inter-stage fracture simulations show post-shutin fracture extension induced by stress interference from adjacent propagating fractures. The impact of poro-elasticity is highlighted for infill well fracture design and preferential fracture propagation towards depleted regions is clearly observed in multi-well pad fracture simulations.The results in this paper attempt to provide practitioners with a better understanding of multi-cluster fracturing dynamics. Based on these findings recommendations are made on how best to design fracture treatments that will not only lead to the successful placement of fluid and proppant in a single fracture, but in a set of fractures that are competing with each other for growth. The ability to successfully stimulate all perforation clusters is shown to be a function of key fracture design parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Effective Stimulation of Multiple Perforation Clusters in Horizontal Wells

Manchanda

Bryant

Bhardwaj

et al. 2016

Day 1 Tue, February 09, 2016

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“…Extremely low matrix permeability as well as highly complex network of natural fractures is unique characteristics of shale formations. Permeability of shale rocks is estimated to be between 50 nd (nano-Darcy) to 150 nd (Javadpour et al, 2007). Recent advances and innovations in hydraulic fracturing are key success of shale gas economic production as a viable global energy supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Reservoir Model for Unconventional Resources, Coupling Pressure Dependent Phenomena

Eshkalak

Aybar

Sepehrnoori

2014

SPE Eastern Regional Meeting

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An integrated unconventional reservoir model that accounts for known mechanisms and nonlinearities affecting modeling of hydraulically fractured wells is developed. In general, modeling and simulation of multi-fractured reservoirs are highly challenging due to the complexity attributed to the flow in this very low permeability and dense structured rock. Pressure-dependent phenomena in reservoir modeling are considered as combined hydraulic and natural fracture conductivity losses, desorption, Klinkenberg gas slippage effect and non-Darcy flow. Integrating these phenomena and analyzing the importance of each parameter in a reservoir model are essential.The proposed model includes three zones, Rock Matrix (I), Induced-Fracture (II) and Hydraulic Fracture (III) that are defined with different characteristics. Pressure dependent permeability is considered for zone II and III, with an exponential relationship between permeability and reservoir pressure. Governing equations of gas flow are non-linear partial differential equations, for all three zones, due to incorporated pressure-dependent phenomena that are solved using the finite difference method. A synthetic case is defined in order to investigate the effect of each individual phenomenon on long-term production. Moreover, a history matching process with Marcellus Shale field production data is performed in order to obtain the most uncertain parameters in the model.Results showed that combined effect of permeability losses of hydraulic and induced-fracture zones results in 15 percent gas production drop in 30 years. Also, it is observed that Klinkenberg effect and non-Darcy flow have insignificant effect on the modeling of shale gas reservoirs, whereas desorption has great contribution on long-term production. It is concluded that the minimum ingredients for an accurate shale reservoir modeling are considering gas desorption phenomena alongside with pressure-dependent permeability for the hydraulic and induced-fractures network. Our simple reservoir modeling approach helps in understanding complex behavior of flow mechanisms in shale plays. Also, this integrated model can be used during optimization of key factors in hydraulic fracturing process and fracture characterization by history matching of production.

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“…2.5d), de Carrier [13] (Fig. 2.6a) e de Haddad [39] (Fig 2.6b). Um material poroelástico tem diferentes efeitos que influenciam na geração e evolução de uma fratura hidráulica.…”

Section: Modelos Numéricosunclassified

“…b.1) Modelo de zona coesiva com poropressão [39]. b.2) Configuração da poropressão devido ao processo de fraturamento [39]. c.1) Modelo bi-linear da zona de fratura coesiva [7].…”

Section: Modelos Numéricosunclassified

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Simulação Numérica Do Processo De Propagação De Fraturas Em Materiais Rochosos Em Condições De Acoplamento Fluidomecânico

CAMONES¹

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A Carla, a minha companheira pelo seu amor e carinho, e por ter me dado um filho maravilhoso e uma família.Aos meus pais e meus irmãos, pelo imenso apoio e carinho.Ao Prof. Eurípedes do Amaral Vargas Jr., pela orientação, apoio e incentivo para a realização deste trabalho.Ao Prof. Gláucio Paulino, pela orientação, apoio e ajuda ao longo do desenvolvimento desta pesquisa durante a minha estadia na Universidade Esta pesquisa aborda o processo de fraturamento hidráulico ou processo de propagação de fraturas em rocha através da injeção de um fluido sob pressão, o que gera fissuras no material que se propagam de acordo com a quantidade de fluido injetado. Esta técnica leva a um incremento da transmissividade hidráulica da rocha e, como conseqüência, ocorre um incremento da produção deóleo. Diversos trabalhos analíticos e numéricos têm sido propostos para estudar o mecanismo de fratura, geralmente baseados em meios contínuos ou através da utilização de elementos de interface em uma trajetória de propagação conhecida. Neste trabalho, a propagação de uma fraturaé simulada utilizando o modelo potencial PPR[72] através da sua implementação extrínseca. Assim, os elementos coesivos de interface são inseridos na malha de elementos finitos de forma adapativa para capturar o processo de fraturamento.A pressão do fluidoé simulada utilizando o modelo de lattice-Boltzmann [84]. Através de um processo interativo, os contornos da fratura, computados utilizando o método dos elementos finitos, são transferidos para o modelo de lattice-Boltzmann como uma condição de contorno. Assim, a força que o fluido exerce nestes contornos, gerada pela injeção do fluido, pode ser calculada. Estas forças são utilizadas no modelo de elementos finitos como uma força externa aplicada nas faces da fratura. A nova posição das faces da fraturaé calculada e transferida novamente para o modelo de lattice-Boltzmann como condição de contorno. Este processo interativo fluido-estrutura permite modelar o processo de fraturamento hidráulico em trajetórias de propagação irregulares. This research addresses hydraulic fracturing or hydro-fracking, i.e. fracture propagation process in rocks through the injection of a fluid under pressure, which generates cracks in the rock that propagate according to the amount of fluid injected. This technique leads to an increase of the hydraulic transmissivity of the rock mass and, consequently, improves oil production. Palavras-chaveSeveral analytical and numerical models have been proposed to study this fracture mechanism, generally based in continuum mechanics or using interface elements through a known propagation path. In this work, the crack propagation is simulated using the PPR potential-based cohesive zone model [72] by means of an extrinsic implementation. Thus, interface cohesive elements are adaptively inserted in the mesh to capture the softening fracture process. The fluid pressure is simulated using the lattice Boltzmann model [84] through an iterative procedure. The boundaries of the crack, computed using the fini...

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Simulation of Multiple-Stage Fracturing in Quasibrittle Shale Formations Using Pore Pressure Cohesive Zone Model

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Strategies for Effective Stimulation of Multiple Perforation Clusters in Horizontal Wells

Strategies for Effective Stimulation of Multiple Perforation Clusters in Horizontal Wells

An Integrated Reservoir Model for Unconventional Resources, Coupling Pressure Dependent Phenomena

Simulação Numérica Do Processo De Propagação De Fraturas Em Materiais Rochosos Em Condições De Acoplamento Fluidomecânico

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