Highlights:Graphical/Tabular Abstract Comparison of the impedance response of batteries Novel process model for impedance response of rechargeable batteries Interpretation of battery dynamics by an equivalent circuit analysis Figure A. The graph on the left handside is the Nyquist plot of 18650 lithium-ion battery cell at the potential of 3.5 volts presenting impedance (EIS) data and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) fit with the indications and explanations of electrochemical properties of the cell. The picture on the top right shows the experimental setup. The scheme on the bottom right represents the equivalent circuit for rechargeable batteries; i.e., commercially obtained 18650 lithium-ion and 6HR61 nickel-metal hydride batteries.Purpose: The objective of this work is to analyze and model impedance of widely used rechargeable batteries which are 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery and 6HR61 nickel-metal hydride battery pack.
Theory and Methods:The rechargeable batteries were charged or discharged by using a potentiostat connected to a desktop computer. The impedance analysis of the batteries was performed at the same conditions; such as, cell potential, frequency range, temperature, and ac perturbation. The impedance responses were interpreted through equivalent circuit modeling.
Results:The impedance of nickel-metal hydride cell was much greater than that of lithium-ion cell. The fit of the developed model was successful for both batteries. The regressed parameters which are significant for energy storage systems were extracted from the obtained equivalent circuit elements.
Conclusion:It was concluded that lithium-ion battery had many advantages compared to nickel-metal hydride battery in terms of capacity and performance. The used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and the resulting model could be a potential candidate method for the improvement of non-commercial batteries and the ability to meet the energy needs.