Simulation of phased array antenna impedance in waveguide

IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas

“…Alternative techniques that overcome this limitation have been described [124], [125] for the measurement of the active impedance of an element in a large array of identical, regularly spaced elements. The effect of elements in an inÞnite array is simulated by the use of waveguide techniques.…”

Harold wheeler and phased arrays

“…An element in a phased array can be simulated in a waveguide, where the guide walls replicate the array, through images (Wheeler, 1948(Wheeler, , 1972Hannan, Meier, and Balfour, 1963). A metal sheet with apertures representing one or more elements or partial element is placed across the guide.…”

Measurements and Tolerances

“…A simple microwave tool that allows the measurement of scan impedance in one scan direction and for one frequency is the waveguide simulator, developed by Brown and Carberry (1963) and Hannan et al (1963). Although the unit cell virtual walls are, in general, impedance walls, there are some symmetry planes and scan angles that allow perfectly conducting walls.…”