Simulation of power evolution and control dynamics in optical transport systems

LambdaXtreme® transport system: R&D of a high capacity system for low cost, ultra long haul DWDM transport

“…Analysis and experiments have shown that these effects are at least 3 dB weaker than comparable OOK transmission due to the lower peak power, the phase modulation, and pulse-sequence correlations [20,22,34]. In summary, numerous experiments [2,6,15,28,39] have demonstrated the value of leveraging the Raman and DPSK technologies to achieve significant capacity and reach improvements compared with non-Raman and OOK solutions. represents the required OSNR to achieve 10 Ϫ3 BER.…”

“…These algorithms adjust the various Raman pumps to achieve target per-channel powers at each node while minimizing the peak-to-peak ripple. The algorithms are derived from simulation software [15] that can predict Raman gain characteristics based on pump settings, fiber type, and losses. This algorithm gradually introduces Raman pump changes and ensures error-free transmission during normal adjustments.…”

Design tools for transparent optical networks

“…An ideal network simulator for addressing this question would solve the time-dependent differential equations for signal propagation and amplification as well as include an implementation of all control functions of the system [8]. Unfortunately, in the context of large mesh networks, this type of all-encompassing simulation quickly becomes computationally intractable.…”

“…A typical nationwide network can have hundreds of ROADMs leading to the simulation of thousands of interconnected nodes. Typical physical layer simulators [8,10,11], which only treat optical line systems, cannot be used to understand the potential feedback effects arising from the mesh topology. Further, the large number of nodes often leads to intractable computational problems.…”

The rollout of optical networking: LambdaXtreme® national network deployment

“…This system utilizes novel Raman pump control algorithms developed by the Bell Labs Computational Research Department [2]. In addition, the ability to localize problems was facilitated by the use optical supervisory channel (OSC) transmission, which is regenerated at each node.…”