Simulation of solid‐state polycondensation of nylon‐66

Li, Lei; Huang, Nanxun; Liu, Zhen‐Hong; Tang, Zhilian; Yung, Wai-Shing

doi:10.1002/1099-1581(200005)11:5<242::aid-pat971>3.3.co;2-5

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…However, the increase of the degree of polymerization may be accomplished by subjecting the products to solid‐state (post)polymerization (SSP). The latter is achieved by heating the polyamide grains in an inert atmosphere at a temperature well above their glass transition point, but below their melting temperature 5–10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polyhexamethyleneadipamide prepolymer by a low‐temperature process

Papaspyrides¹,

Vouyiouka²,

Bletsos³

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The polyhexamethyleneadipamide (PA 6,6) prepolymer is prepared starting from dry hexamethylenediammonium adipate (PA 6,6 salt) by a low-temperature polyamidation technique, which ensures balanced and free-ofthermal-degradation products. The operating temperature is chosen in the vicinity of the melting point of the polyamide salt, to avoid thermal decomposition, which accompanies the higher temperatures of the conventional polyamidation processes. Two stages of prepolymerization are suggested: First, the reaction is carried out under autogenous conditions (pressurized system) to or beyond the point where diamine ends have reacted; hereafter, the system is vented so as to remove the produced water and to drive the condensation reaction toward a higher degree of polymerization. The process is demonstrated using both shaker tubes and a modified, intensively stirred autoclave. The products have balanced ends and no detectable thermal degradation effects and are used as a starting material for solid-state finishing toward high molecular weight polyamides. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: [301][302][303][304][305][306] 2004

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polyhexamethyleneadipamide prepolymer by a low‐temperature process

Papaspyrides¹,

Vouyiouka²,

Bletsos³

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…SSP involves heating of the starting material (crystalline monomer or prepolymer) in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum, at a temperature below its melting point, permitting the initiation and propagation of typical polymerization reactions. Different models have been proposed in the open literature to describe the kinetics and transport phenomena in PA 66 SSP, as summarized in Table . Among them, kinetic models prevail and correspond approximately to 70% of the published material, if one considers that Y ao and co‐workers models are equivalent to each other, since they use the same rate expressions and model parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of the proper kinetic order and rate expression becomes thus a recurrent issue in PA 66 studies, as illustrated in Table , and has been addressed mainly in terms of deviations from third order kinetics, unexpected to happen in such an acid‐catalyzed polycondensation system . In particular, these deviations are observed to be higher at short reaction times and above 93% conversion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Polyamide 66 Solid State Polymerization: Drawing a Chemical Reaction Scheme

Filgueiras

Vouyiouka

Konstantakopoulou

et al. 2014

Macro Reaction Engineering

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A chemical reaction scheme is proposed here to describe the polyamide 66 (PA 66) solid state polymerization (SSP) with effective kinetic parameters. The main objective of the suggested model is to predict the maximum molecular weight attainable at each SSP isotherm, which is in turn determined by the occurrence of polymer chain degradation coupled to other important side reactions. Accordingly, a number of side reactions have been firstly considered, based on which a comprehensive particle model was constructed to predict PA 66 kinetics, equilibrium, and transport phenomena. The SSP model parameters were estimated with a maximum-likelihood estimator, using data measured under kineticand diffusion-controlled process conditions for reaction temperatures in the range of 160-200 8C and reaction times up to 8 h. Calibration models were also developed to allow the determination of PA 66 solution viscosities.

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“…13 SSP process could be more economical than an all melt-polymerization process. 14 However, at SSP low temperatures, 15 the chain building reactions are slow compared to polymerization in the melt, 16,17 because of the reduced mobility of the reacting species, and the slow diffusion of the by-products. Agglomeration of the reacting particles has also been reported during SSP, especially at high reaction temperatures, and is related to a low softening point of the reacting mass and to condensate retention in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel and green method for polycondensation reaction of 4‐substituted phenylurazoles with different diisocyanates under solvent‐free conditions

Mallakpour

Dinari

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this investigation, a new method for stepgrowth polymerization reactions of 4-phenylurazole (PHU) and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)urazole (MPU) with various diisocyanates were developed under solvent-free conditions. The reaction of these monomers with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and tolulyene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) were performed in the presence or absence of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. The results of polymerization revealed that DBTDL did not have considerable effect on the polymerization process. The resulting polyureas showed good yields and moderate inherent viscosities ranging of 0.17-0.30 dL/g in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 258C. They are soluble in most polar organic solvents. All of the above polymers were characterized by 1 H-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This method was compared with the polymerization reaction in N,N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent via solution polymerization. Under solvent-free conditions, higher yields and inherent viscosities were obtained. In addition, in this method we do not need to use any solvents and the polymerization reaction can be classified as a green and environmentally friendly method.

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Simulation of solid‐state polycondensation of nylon‐66

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation of polyhexamethyleneadipamide prepolymer by a low‐temperature process

Preparation of polyhexamethyleneadipamide prepolymer by a low‐temperature process

Modeling of Polyamide 66 Solid State Polymerization: Drawing a Chemical Reaction Scheme

A novel and green method for polycondensation reaction of 4‐substituted phenylurazoles with different diisocyanates under solvent‐free conditions

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