Simulation of supercooling and size distribution in frazil ice dynamics

Svensson, Urban; Omstedt, Anders

doi:10.1016/0165-232x(94)90001-9

Cited by 52 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Disks that are initially small and tend not to stick to sediment particles during collisions evolve into large complex aggregates that are capable of sweeping up sediment particles along their rising path [Reimnitz et al, 1993a;Kempema et al, 1993]. Treatment of changes in particle populations and characteristics is clearly required to model correctly the ice-ice, sedimentsediment, and ice-sediment interactions, and progress toward this capability has been made for sediment [e.g., Hill and Nowell, 1995] and for ice [Svensson and Omstedt, 1994;1998;Hammar and Shen, 1995]. However, the correct treatment involves a substantial increase in the complexity of the model and requires tracking the concentration, size, density, and settling velocity of the evolving particle population and new model parameters to describe aggregation efficiency and relate size with density and settling velocity [Hammar and Shen, 1995;Hill and Nowell, 1995].…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea

Sherwood¹

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea

Sherwood¹

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…It has been suggested that this occurs through collisions between parent crystals and hard surfaces (including other crystals) and as a result of fluid shear (Daly 1994b). In this study the collision-based formulation of Svensson & Omstedt (1994) is adopted, whereby a proportion of the ice crystals in each size class are converted to 'nuclei' (crystals in the smallest class) according to the frequency of crystal collision. SJ assumed that secondary nucleation only occurs in supercooled waters, since otherwise the new nuclei will soon melt away, but in this study secondary nucleation is activated all of the time because the breakup of larger crystals on collision still takes place in superheated conditions.…”

Section: Secondary Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frazil dynamics and precipitation in a water column with depth-dependent supercooling

Holland

Feltham

2005

J. Fluid Mech.

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When seawater becomes supercooled, collections of small ice crystals, known as frazil ice, form and grow. A model of frazil ice dynamics is presented that deals explicitly with the buoyant settling of frazil crystals onto an overlying surface. This yields further insight into transport associated with the ice pump mechanism, whereby ice is melted at depth and transferred to a shallower location as a result of the pressure variation of seawater's freezing temperature. The model is applied to a vertical cross-section through an Ice Shelf Water plume beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and helps to elucidate the depth-variation in its properties for the first time, as well as predicting the precipitation rate of frazil crystals. The model predicts that frazil ice should be preferentially located in a narrow layer near the ice shelf base as a result of the maximum supercooling there and an influx of crystals rising under their own buoyancy. The deposition of these crystals onto the ice shelf is governed by the balance between crystal rising and turbulent transfer of frazil away from the shelf, which is investigated in some detail.

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“…As a technical aside, we note that Svensson and Omstedt (1994) describe their flocculation law as linear. However, this linearity applies only to the particular discrete set of equations they present, which use logarithmically spaced size classes.…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, this term has received relatively little attention within the frazilice literature. One exception, Svensson and Omstedt (1994), includes it and takes…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes

Jones

Wells

2018

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that crystals grow much faster than previously thought. In this paper, we consider models of a population of ice crystals with different sizes to provide insight into the treatment of frazil ice in large-scale models. We consider the role of crystal growth alongside the other physical processes that determine the dynamics of frazil ice. We apply our model to a simple mixed layer (such as at the surface of the ocean) and to a buoyant plume under a floating ice shelf. We provide numerical calculations and scaling arguments to predict the occurrence of frazil-ice explosions, which we show are controlled by crystal growth, nucleation, and gravitational removal. Faster crystal growth, higher secondary nucleation, and slower gravitational removal make frazil-ice explosions more likely. We identify steady-state crystal size distributions, which are largely insensitive to crystal growth rate but are affected by the relative importance of secondary nucleation to gravitational removal. Finally, we show that the fate of plumes underneath ice shelves is dramatically affected by frazil-ice dynamics. Differences in the parameterization of crystal growth and nucleation give rise to radically different predictions of basal accretion and plume dynamics, and can even impact whether a plume reaches the end of the ice shelf or intrudes at depth.

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Simulation of supercooling and size distribution in frazil ice dynamics

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea

Numerical model of frazil ice and suspended sediment concentrations and formation of sediment laden ice in the Kara Sea

Frazil dynamics and precipitation in a water column with depth-dependent supercooling

Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes

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