Simulation of the Impact of Breakwaters on Hydrodynamic Environment in Laizhou Bay, China

Hu, Kaiyu; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Xiuhai

doi:10.1007/s11802-022-5278-6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…So, cation exchange was critical for the high-fluorine groundwater in this area. In addition, the alkaline condition and precipitation of gypsum due to sea water intrusion also cause the low Ca 2+ levels (Zhang and Peng 1998;Hu 2014;Liu 2018). In fact, the clay in the Quaternary unconsolidated sediments was found to favor cation exchange more (Ravenscroft and McArthur 2004;Jalali 2005), and this may be the reason why the high-fluorine groundwater occurs in the Quaternary unconsolidated sediments and not in the bedrock area.…”

Section: Geochemical Processes In the Quaternary Sediments And The Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City, China

et al. 2020

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A typical area, Gaomi City in China, was chosen to discuss the enrichment process of groundwater fluorine in sea water intrusion area. The groundwater had fluorine levels of 0.09–10.99 mg/L, with an average concentration of 1.38 mg/L. The high‐fluorine groundwater was mainly distributed in the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments, where concentrations in 83.6% of the samples exceeded the national limit of 1.0 mg/L. The groundwater in the Quaternary sediments also had higher levels of Cl−, TDS, Mg2+, and pH and lower levels of Ca2+, Co, Ni, and Cu than that in the bedrock. The groundwater fluorine levels in the Quaternary sediments are positively correlated with Cl−, TDS, Mg2+, pH, and negatively correlated with Ca2+, γCa2+/γMg2+, Co, Ni, Cu. Geochemical indices of Cl− and TDS indicate sea water intrusion in the Quaternary high‐fluorine groundwater area (F− > 1.0 mg/L), while they do not indicate any intrusion in the bedrock area. The chemical weathering of minerals was intensified with the intrusion of sea water. Cation exchange was confirmed to occur in the Quaternary sediments and was promoted by sea water intrusion. Cation exchange consumes part of groundwater Ca2+ and permits more F− dissolving. Consequently, in the Quaternary sediments, the groundwater was supersaturated with CaF2 minerals and undersaturated with MgF2 minerals when F− > 1.0 mg/L, while CaF2 and MgF2 minerals both are undersaturated when F− < 1.0 mg/L. Thus, the chemical weathering of minerals and cation exchange caused by sea water intrusion are the crucial processes controlling the groundwater fluorine levels, which should be considered when the groundwater fluorine enrichment mechanism is discussed along coastal zones.

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Section: Geochemical Processes In the Quaternary Sediments And The Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City, China

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, in southwestern Laizhou Bay, China, the water quality is becoming worse due to port construction [8,9]. Hu et al [10] simulated the change in hydrodynamics after the construction of the embankments in southwestern Laizhou Bay and found that the exchange capacity of the whole bay decreased by 10-20%. This kind of marine structure hinders the transport of sediment within the bay [11], which is also the main reason for pollutant accumulation in Laizhou Bay [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Water Quality in a Sea Bay by Connecting Rivers on Both Sides of a Harbor

Chi,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

JMSE

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Improving water quality is imperative for many sea bays, including Laizhou Bay, China, to achieve sustainable marine development. In 2010, two 17.3 km long sand-retaining embankments were built in southwestern Laizhou Bay, which weakened the nearshore hydrodynamics and seriously impacted the water quality. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes connecting the two rivers on both sides of the embankments to improve the hydrodynamics and thus water exchange in the sea bay. The effectiveness was examined with a numerical model using Mike 21, which was validated for both tidal current velocity and direction at six monitoring locations in the sea bay. The results show that over 53% of the core research area displays an increase (0.0–0.4 m/s) in tidal current speed after the connection, primarily in and around the Haihengwei Fishing Port. Meanwhile, the Eulerian residual currents in the Haihengwei Fishing Port, Mi River estuary and Bailang River estuary become substantially larger (with a maximum increase of 0.16 m/s). In addition, the net transport distance of particles released near the connection increases by up to 39.89 km in one month. Overall, this case study demonstrates that connecting rivers next to a harbor can effectively improve hydrodynamics and thus improve water quality in the bay.

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Simulation of the Impact of Breakwaters on Hydrodynamic Environment in Laizhou Bay, China

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City, China

The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City, China

Improving Water Quality in a Sea Bay by Connecting Rivers on Both Sides of a Harbor

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