Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques

Abstract

Electroporation is a widely used method consisting of application of high‐voltage, short‐duration electric pulses to increase cell membrane permeability, allowing cellular internalization of medications. In this work, the influence of two primary parameters, voltage level (V) and pulse spacing (N), on electroporation efficiency, uniformity and aggressiveness, as quantified by the total mass transport to viable cells, intracellular concentration gradients and an aggressiveness factor introduced here, is studied by means of numerical simulations of drug transport in electroporated tissues. The global method of approximate particular solutions (Global MAPS) is used to solve the governing equations, together with domain scaling, singular value decomposition and smoothing algorithms, to address the ill‐conditioning of the final system and suppress small scale oscillations. The accuracy of Global MAPS is evaluated by comparing the initial extracellular concentration, Ce, and final intracellular concentration, Ci, with previous finite volume method results, obtaining similar behavior of Ce and Ci along the tissue domain, with some differences for Ci in high‐gradient zones. According to the Global MAPS results, the influence of V and N on Ci is only significant over a certain range, within which the largest drug transport to viable cells occurs. In general, both electroporation efficiency and aggressiveness change in nonuniform manner with V and decrease with N, whereas the electroporation uniformity decreases as V increases and N decreases. The contour plots obtained here can be considered useful tools to compare electroporation‐based treatments in terms of their efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity, assisting in the selection of a suitable treatment plan for cancer.