Simulation of the mineral dust content over Western Africa with the CHIMERE-DUST model from the event to the annual scale

Schmechtig, Catherine; Marticoréna, B.; Chatenet, B.; Bergametti, Gilles; Rajot, Jean Louis

doi:10.5194/acpd-11-8027-2011

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The dust emission flux is highly sensitive to the surface wind speed (Luo et al, ; Schmechtig et al, ). In Z03 and K14, the dust emission varies with the cube of friction velocity; in G01, the dust emission is proportional to the cube of 10‐m wind speed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Dust in East Asia by CESM and Sources of Biases

Liu

Yang

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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East Asian dust has a significant impact on regional and global climate. In this study, we evaluate the spatial distributions and temporal variations of dust extinction profiles and dust optical depth (DOD) over East Asia simulated from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with satellite retrievals from Luo, Wang, Ferrare, et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002775), Luo, Wang, Zhang, et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062111) (L15), Yu et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.010) (Y15), and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level 3 products. Both L15 and Y15 are based on CALIPSO products but use different algorithms to separate dust from nondust aerosols. We find high model biases of dust extinction in the upper troposphere over the Taklamakan desert, Gobi desert, and Tibetan Plateau, especially in the summer (June‐July‐August). CESM with dust emission scheme of Kok, Mahowald, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014) and Kok, Albani, et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13043-2014) has the best agreement with dust extinction profiles and DOD from L15 in the Taklamakan desert and Tibetan Plateau. CESM with the default dust emission scheme of Zender, Bian, and Newman (2003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002775) underpredicts DOD in the Tibetan Plateau compared with observations from L15 due to the underestimation of local dust emission. Large uncertainties exist in observations from L15, Y15, and CALIPSO level 3 products and have significant impacts on the model evaluation of dust spatial distributions. We also assess dust surface concentrations and 10‐m wind speed with meteorological records from weather stations in the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts during dust events. CESM underestimates dust surface concentrations at most weather stations due to the inability of CESM to capture strong surface wind events.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Dust in East Asia by CESM and Sources of Biases

Liu

Yang

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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“…This last product has been recently used to detect dust sources in West Africa by Ginoux et al [2010], over an area (0°N–20°N, 0°E–20°E) that partly overlap our simulation domain. As reminded by Schmechtig et al [2011], these two satellite‐derived products have some limitations: the UV Aerosol Index is sensitive to the aerosol layer altitude and thus may not produce the higher indexes at the exact source, whereas the Deep Blue AOD is available for non cloudy conditions only. Thus it is better to check the simulated sources by comparing them to both products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the dust emission model developed by Marticorena and Bergametti [1995], Marticorena et al [1997a] and Laurent et al [2008] ‐ written MB hereafter. This model allows to account for the surface properties (soil moisture, roughness length, soil size distribution…) and the simulations of dust emissions performed by using this model have been extensively compared with observations [ Marticorena et al , 1997a; Laurent et al , 2005; Laurent et al , 2008; Darmenova et al , 2009; Schmechtig et al , 2011].…”

Section: Dust Emission Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel

et al. 2012

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[1] To address the challenging issue of estimating mineral dust emissions from the semi-arid Sahel, a modeling approach is developed by combining two specific models: one dedicated to the simulation of the seasonal herbaceous layer in the Sahel (STEP) and the other to the estimation of dust emissions (MB). The area of interest is the Sahelian belt (12 N-20 N, 20 W-35 E) and the simulations were performed at a 0.25 spatial resolution over a 4-year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). The rainfall forcing is provided by a TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite-derived product; the other meteorological data are ECMWF products. An empirical parameterization is used to estimate the surface roughness and its temporal dynamics according to the characteristics of the simulated vegetation in terms of surface cover and height. Where no vegetation grows, the surface properties are considered as constant in time and are derived from the POLDER-1 satellite measurements. Simulations are constrained step by step by comparisons with observations. Simulated annual dust fluxes emitted from the whole area range from approximately 100 Mt to 400 Mt depending on the year, in good agreement with previous works dealing with Saharan dust emissions. For the fringe where herbaceous vegetation can affect dust emissions, the annual dust emission fluxes range between 0.5 Mt and 20 Mt depending on the year. Inhibition of dust emissions due to the seasonal dynamics of vegetation and surface soil moisture over this fringe varies between 20% and 35%.Citation: Pierre, C., G. Bergametti, B. Marticorena, E. Mougin, C. Bouet, and C. Schmechtig (2012), Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel,

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“…This dust emission amount lies within the computed dust emission range of 130–1600 Tg a −1 over North Africa from previous studies [ Engelstaedter et al , , and references therein]. The most recent assessments of the mean annual dust emission in North Africa are the following: 2077 Tg a −1 for 2006 estimated by Schmechtig et al [], 670 +/− 60 Tg a −1 for 1996–2001 by Laurent et al [], and 400–2200 Tg a −1 from the AeroCom model intercomparison for 2000 [ Huneeus et al , ]. Most dust aerosol from North Africa is emitted during northern hemisphere spring with 41%, followed by winter with 29%, summer with 20%, and fall with 10% of the annual emission flux.…”

Section: Nlljs‐generating Dust Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of nocturnal low‐level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission

et al. 2013

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[1] This study presents the first climatology for the dust emission amount associated with Nocturnal Low-Level Jets (NLLJs) in North Africa. These wind speed maxima near the top of the nocturnal boundary layer can generate near-surface peak winds due to shear-driven turbulence in the course of the night and the NLLJ breakdown during the following morning. The associated increase in the near-surface wind speed is a driver for mineral dust emission. A new detection algorithm for NLLJs is presented and used for a statistical assessment of NLLJs in 32 years of ERA-Interim reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. NLLJs occur in 29% of the nights in the annual and spatial mean. The NLLJ climatology shows a distinct annual cycle with marked regional differences. Maxima of up to 80% NLLJ frequency are found where low-level baroclinicity and orographic channels cause favorable conditions, e.g., over the Bodélé Depression, Chad, for November–February and along the West Saharan and Mauritanian coast for April–September. Downward mixing of NLLJ momentum to the surface causes 15% of mineral dust emission in the annual and spatial mean and can be associated with up to 60% of the total dust amount in specific areas, e.g., the Bodélé Depression and south of the Hoggar-Tibesti Channel. The sharp diurnal cycle underlines the importance of using wind speed information with high temporal resolution as driving fields for dust emission models.Citation: Fiedler, S., K. Schepanski, B. Heinold, P. Knippertz, and I. Tegen (2013), Climatology of nocturnal low-level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6100-6121, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50394

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Simulation of the mineral dust content over Western Africa with the CHIMERE-DUST model from the event to the annual scale

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Modeling Dust in East Asia by CESM and Sources of Biases

Modeling Dust in East Asia by CESM and Sources of Biases

Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel

Climatology of nocturnal low‐level jets over North Africa and implications for modeling mineral dust emission

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