Simulation of transient effects in a fuel injector nozzle using real-fluid thermodynamic closure

Kolovos, Konstantinos G.; Kyriazis, Nikolas; Koukouvinis, Phoevos; Vidal, Alvaro; Gavaises, Manolis; McDavid, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2021.100037

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…by Dorofeeva et al (2009) and Dunn et al (2010), cannot be reproduced with available mass transfer cavitation models, a fact that reveals inherent limitations of state-of-the-art 3-D CFD methods. Another interesting cavitation model approach is based on statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) (Rokni et al 2019;Vidal et al 2020;Kolovos et al 2021) and allows for the description of local changes of phase composition and therefore of fuel mixture properties changes. However, this approach is based on thermodynamic equilibrium, and a local transport of the mixture components is inherently not accounted for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of bubble dynamics and segregation in binary heptane/dodecane mixtures

Bermudez-Graterol

Skoda

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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A mathematical model for the simulation of spherical bubble dynamics in binary alkane mixtures is presented. Detailed heat and mass transfer and phase transition are resolved, and air absorption and desorption are considered. As example mixtures, high-volatile heptane and low-volatile dodecane are investigated. The low-volatile component shows a convective counter-intuitive mass transport opposite to the diffusion flux. A staggered mass flux of heptane and dodecane is associated with a local segregation of mixture components in the surrounding liquid and a distinctive species distribution within the bubble. A comparative study with a pseudo-fluid where alkane species interdiffusion is absent and whose components cannot segregate reveals that for an oscillating bubble, the local segregation hardly affects bubble dynamics, while for a continuously growing bubble in a superheated liquid, the growth rate is considerably affected, particularly for a low heptane mixture percentage. This study demonstrates limitations of treating mixtures by a single-component surrogate fluid and may serve as a starting point for the development of multi-component cavitation models for computational fluid dynamics applications in real fluid mixtures as, e.g. fuels or hydraulic oils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2020; Kolovos et al. 2021) and allows for the description of local changes of phase composition and therefore of fuel mixture properties changes. However, this approach is based on thermodynamic equilibrium, and a local transport of the mixture components is inherently not accounted for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of bubble dynamics and segregation in binary heptane/dodecane mixtures

Bermudez-Graterol

Skoda

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…In either case, these methods can cause issues with mass conservation and will increase the computational load associated with the interpolation process. 23,24 In the case of the simulations discussed herein, there is little need to simulate lifts this low as it is already demonstrably inappropriate for steady-state tests below 5 μ m, so further efforts to simulate the sub 2 μ m region were not taken.…”

Section: Cfd Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment methods and apparatus for finely controlled partial needle lift measurements with a gasoline direct injector

Hillstrom

Midlam-Mohler

Stockburger

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this study, an experiment method and apparatus are developed which allow exploration of partial-lift spray in a production gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector. For this injector, discretizing the needle’s stroke into a series of steady partial-lift tests seems a viable approach for quantifying transient behavior, where spray performance is often inferior from the perspective of emissions. However, performing such tests is not trivial due to manufacturing challenges and material limitations making it difficult to isolate any particular lift at pressure. To explore the applicability of fixed partial-lift tests, the following are performed: (1) An inward-opening multi-hole GDI injector is minimally modified with an apparatus to finely control needle lift by limiting the needle’s stroke with a fine micrometer head. (2) An experiment process is developed to associate the micrometer set-point with the imposed needle lift, compensating for pressure induced component flex. This flex is significant and of a similar magnitude to the needle’s stroke. (3) In-nozzle flow is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) within the AVL FIRE software to compare a stationary and moving needle. The comparison reveals a relative insignificance of needle velocity for the majority of the needle’s stroke (>5 μm). The nozzle hole flow rates and effective exit velocities are similar, suggesting fixed partial-lift spray well approximates the normally moving needle spray. This new experiment method can be used on current injectors to quantify spray performance during needle transients by discretizing the stroke into steps as small as 2 μm, exceeding the control in any current published literature.

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“…LES can resolve the large scale coherent turbulent scales with its acceptable grid burden accurately, which makes it prevailing in the current academic studies (Guo et al, 2017;Koukouvinis et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2019). Some researchers (Kolovos et al, 2021;Naseri et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2016) investigated the coexistence of vortex-induced cavitation and geometry-induced cavitation using LES, but validations from experiment data were lacking. Piscaglia et al (Piscaglia et al, 2021) compared the formation and development of string cavitation in two transparent injector nozzle replicas experimentally and those numerically with an LES-VOF multiphase solver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of turbulence and cavitation models in prediction of vortex induced cavitating flow in fuel injector nozzles

Guan

Wang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

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Simulation of transient effects in a fuel injector nozzle using real-fluid thermodynamic closure

Cited by 10 publications

References 91 publications

Numerical simulation of bubble dynamics and segregation in binary heptane/dodecane mixtures

Numerical simulation of bubble dynamics and segregation in binary heptane/dodecane mixtures

Experiment methods and apparatus for finely controlled partial needle lift measurements with a gasoline direct injector

Assessment of turbulence and cavitation models in prediction of vortex induced cavitating flow in fuel injector nozzles

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