Simulation of Wild Pig Control via Hunting and Contraceptives

Burton, Jennifer L.; Westervelt, James D.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.

doi:10.21236/ada590472

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In agreement with previous work, we found that a sterilant used in conjunction with culling caused dramatically faster population decline under low culling intensities and high rates of fertility control [ 30 ]. We also found that even moderate levels of fertility control could provide benefits when used in conjunction with culling: the population was reduced 50% more relative to culling alone over a four-year period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, in order to develop plans for optimizing allocation of fiscal and human resources broadly across the country, it is important to improve our understanding of how the magnitude and frequency of culling affect population dynamics over a realistic range of wild-pig demographic conditions. Population models have provided insight on culling intensities required for reaching particular management goals [ 26 – 29 ] and conditions when fertility control may be effective [ 30 – 32 ]. Results range widely suggesting that culling intensities of 10–65% annually are needed to cause populations declines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because an efficient, registered sterilant for wild pigs requires much time and expense to develop and register, it is important to carefully consider its potential benefits preceding investment. Theoretical work has shown that fertility control is most effective when applied in conjunction with culling [ 30 – 32 ]. However, the efficacy of fertility control depends on intrinsic population growth rate [ 31 ], emphasizing that potential outcomes must be studied using population biology of the target species under a variety of possible demographic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential effects of incorporating fertility control into typical culling regimes in wild pig populations

et al. 2017

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Effective management of widespread invasive species such as wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is limited by resources available to devote to the effort. Better insight of the effectiveness of different management strategies on population dynamics is important for guiding decisions of resource allocation over space and time. Using a dynamic population model, we quantified effects of culling intensities and time between culling events on population dynamics of wild pigs in the USA using empirical culling patterns and data-based demographic parameters. In simulated populations closed to immigration, substantial population declines (50–100%) occurred within 4 years when 20–60% of the population was culled annually, but when immigration from surrounding areas occurred, there was a maximum of 50% reduction, even with the maximum culling intensity of 60%. Incorporating hypothetical levels of fertility control with realistic culling intensities was most effective in reducing populations when they were closed to immigration and when intrinsic population growth rate was too high (> = 1.78) to be controlled by culling alone. However, substantial benefits from fertility control used in conjunction with culling may only occur over a narrow range of net population growth rates (i.e., where net is the result of intrinsic growth rates and culling) that varies depending on intrinsic population growth rate. The management implications are that the decision to use fertility control in conjunction with culling should rely on concurrent consideration of achievable culling intensity, underlying demographic parameters, and costs of culling and fertility control. The addition of fertility control reduced abundance substantially more than culling alone, however the effects of fertility control were weaker than in populations without immigration. Because these populations were not being reduced substantially by culling alone, fertility control could be an especially helpful enhancement to culling for reducing abundance to target levels in areas where immigration can’t be prevented.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential effects of incorporating fertility control into typical culling regimes in wild pig populations

et al. 2017

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“…Further, wild pigs carry a variety of diseases that are transmissible to humans and domestic livestock (Wyckoff et al , Campbell et al , Bevins et al ). Given the precipitous increase in abundance and distribution of wild pigs and subsequent rise in human conflicts (Mayer and Brisbin ), it is apparent that current methods of control are not capable of large‐scale elimination of wild pigs (Burton et al ). More effective methods or modifications to existing methods are needed (Campbell and Long , Mayer and Brisbin ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a bait station for selectively dispensing bait to invasive wild pigs

et al. 2018

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Populations of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa; hereafter, wild pigs) are expanding, requiring costeffective tools for control, and disease prevention, such as toxic or vaccine baits. Specifically, development of a novel and humane toxicant is underway for control of wild pigs in the United States and Australia. A speciesspecific bait station for delivering the toxic bait must be used to protect nontarget animals. Further, a bait station must be designed to maximize feeding by wild pigs by accommodating their group-feeding behaviors. We sought to develop a bait station that delivered bait to the maximum proportion of wild pigs and excluded the most ubiquitous nontarget species, specifically white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (Procyon lotor). We used direct observations and cameras during 2015 to evaluate wild pig feeding behavior and nontarget access for various sizes, arrangements, and construction materials of prototype bait stations in pen and field settings in Texas, USA. We found that a bait station constructed of 2 back-to-back troughs, 1.1 m in length, without a divider was sufficient for feeding the largest proportion of wild pigs in pens. Using this design of bait station at 30 field sites, we found that wild pigs fed more frequently from plastic than metal bait stations, although both bait stations reduced feeding by wild pigs compared with control sites. From near-video imagery at 3 field sites, we identified that 80% of wild pigs (33 of 41), 0% of white-tailed deer (0 of 7), and 17% of raccoons (1 of 6) accessed the bait stations on the final night of testing following a 2-week acclimation and training period. Future steps toward development of a wild pig-specific bait station include adding resistance to the lids of bait stations to completely exclude raccoons and identify baiting strategies that most efficiently acclimate wild pigs to using bait stations. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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“…As medical pests, elephants cause hidden or secondary impacts to people, kill and injure livestock, kill and injure humans [33][34][35][36]. Elephants also kill humans and livestock.…”

Section: Significant Damage To Crops and Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Elephants the Most Disastrous Agricultural Pests or the Agents of Ecological Restorations?

Mamboleo¹,

Doscher²,

Paterson³

2017

J Biodivers Endanger Species

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Human-elephant interactions occur in the areas where people coexist with elephants. It happens in the communities neighbouring core wildlife protected areas. Human and elephants have coexisted since the beginning of agriculture. The relationship between humans and elephants has deteriorated since humans have increased their dependence on domesticated herbivores and encroached into elephant habitats. The interactions usually result in human deaths, elephant deaths, house demolitions, crop damage and secondary impacts. However, crop damage is the most reported negative impacts from the interactions. In this article, we reviewed the current situation of humanelephant interactions, extent, and nature of elephants' destruction, the contribution of elephants to ecological restorations and players in rural poverty alleviation. We also provided a conclusion on whether elephants are disastrous pests or agents of ecological restoration. Due to the exceptional anatomical, physiological and behavioural features, people perceive elephants as the most disastrous pests and merciless killers. In a similar way, secondary impacts, such as the unfairness of compensation schemes and intangible conservation benefits, influence negative perceptions and attitudes of people towards elephants.Elephants as agents of ecological restoration provide socio-economic benefits to humans through forest management because the seed dispersal of about 400 species of timber and nontimber forest species depend on the digestive tract of elephants. The livelihoods of about 1 billion poor people in the world depend on forests. On the other hand, elephants are not as destructive as other pests such as rodents, wild boars, and starlings, and they are not as killers as hippopotamus and crocodiles. When the positive and negative impacts of human-elephant interactions are summed up, conservation benefits provided to humans usually exceed conservation costs. The mismanagement of elephants leads to increasing negative impacts, if properly managed; elephants may provide significant contributions to environmental conservation and rural poverty alleviation.

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Simulation of Wild Pig Control via Hunting and Contraceptives

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Potential effects of incorporating fertility control into typical culling regimes in wild pig populations

Potential effects of incorporating fertility control into typical culling regimes in wild pig populations

Development and evaluation of a bait station for selectively dispensing bait to invasive wild pigs

Are Elephants the Most Disastrous Agricultural Pests or the Agents of Ecological Restorations?

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