Simulation study of cell transmembrane potential and electroporation induced by time-varying magnetic fields

Guo, Fei; Qian, Kun; Li, Xin; Deng, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103117

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In MD simulations, a constant electric field was applied to study the electroporation process [19,57]. The transmembrane potential difference was determined by multiplying this electric field by the size of the simulation box in the field direction, primarily along the z-axis [58]. The time-dependent microscopic transmembrane potential was derived from the global value using a distributed circuit model [59].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach

Niyozaliev,

Matyakubov,

Abduvokhidov

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Electroporation, the transient permeabilization of cell membranes induced by electric fields, is an essential technique in biomedicine, facilitating gene delivery, drug transport, and cancer therapy. Despite its wide application, the influence of nitration, a biological modification involving the addition of nitro groups to phospholipids, on electroporation dynamics remains understudied. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of nitration on pore formation during electroporation. By systematically varying nitration levels and electric field strengths, we explore the nuanced interplay between nitration and electroporation kinetics. Our simulations reveal that increasing nitration levels significantly accelerate pore formation, with notable reductions in pore formation times observed at higher nitration percentages and stronger electric fields. This phenomenon underscores the modulatory role of nitration in altering the dynamics of electroporation. Additionally, our study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process, providing essential insights for optimizing electroporation protocols in gene therapy, drug delivery, plasma cancer treatment and related biomedical applications. These findings illuminate the synergistic relationship between nitration and electroporation, paving the way for future advancements in this vital field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach

Niyozaliev,

Matyakubov,

Abduvokhidov

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Subsequently, the alterations in the geometrical and material characteristics of the tissue lead to localized deficiencies in the cell membrane, thus allowing agents to enter which would not ordinarily be able to do so. This is generally referred to as electroporation (EP) (Guo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Low Voltage Electroporator for Electrochemotherapy to Enhance Patient Treatment

2023

IRJMETS

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Electroporation is the process of temporarily creating openings in the cell membrane by exposing it to a shortterm electric field. In addition to creating openings in the membrane, electroporation can also alter the cell's cytoskeletal organization and consequently modify its morphological features. Electroporation is also known as Electropermeabilization or Pulse Electric Field (PEF). This technique is widely used in research, commercial and biomedical applications. With this broad utility, it was observed that patients undergoing Chemotherapy treatments through Electroporation experienced an uncomfortable sensation due to the high voltage of the device, which is generally 1000 V/cm or more, lasting for 100 µs at a repetition rate of 1 Hz Also, the Conventional Electroporators are very expensive as well not portable. To address this challenge, we designed and implemented an economical low-voltage electroporator that could operate within the DC voltage range of 0V to 500V and pulse duration of 0μs to 10ms for cell membrane permeabilization without damaging the cells. Furthermore, the power supply unit of the electroporator acted as a power source for the DC pulse magnitude generator section and pulse length generator section. An optocoupler was incorporated into the system to act as a switching device, to isolate the low-voltage microcontroller and the high-voltage MOSFET. The Microcontroller operated as a pulse width generator and was coded to generate the required number and duration of pulses to control the electric field across the cuvette. A potentiometer and keypad were employed to alter the pulse amplitude from 0 V to 500 V and pulse width from 0 μs to 10 ms respectively. The Electroporator system was equipped with a broad spectrum of pulse amplitudes and pulse durations, allowing it to effectively electroporate the epithelial cells. Additionally, the proximity between the simulated and constructed circuit results showed that the developed electroporator's parameters are capable, reliable, and efficient for the electroporation process. The Electroporator was affixed to a cuvette containing the cell suspension for electropermeabilization. Ultimately, the electroporator was validated by successfully permeabilized epithelial cells at 650 V/cm and above in electric fields.

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Numerical assessments of geometry, proximity and multi-electrode effects on electroporation in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to nanosecond electric pulses

Baker,

Willis,

Milestone

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Most simulations of electric field driven bioeffects have considered spherical cellular geometries or probed symmetrical structures for simplicity. This work assesses cellular transmembrane potential build-up and electroporation in a Jurkat cell that includes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, both of which have complex shapes, in response to external nanosecond electric pulses. The simulations are based on a time-domain nodal analysis that incorporates membrane poration utilizing the Smoluchowski model with angular-dependent changes in membrane conductivity. Consistent with prior experimental reports, the simulations show that the ER requires the largest electric field for electroporation, while the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the easiest membrane to porate. Our results suggest that the experimentally observed increase in intracellular calcium could be due to a calcium induced calcium release (CICR) process that is initiated by outer cell membrane breakdown. Repeated pulsing and/or using multiple electrodes are shown to create a stronger poration. The role of mutual coupling, screening, and proximity effects in bringing about electric field modifications is also probed. Finally, while including greater geometric details might refine predictions, the qualitative trends are expected to remain.Electroporation (EP) primarily involves the increased permeability of both the outer and the intracellular membranes of biological cells upon exposure to external electric pulses of sufficient duration and intensity 1-10 . Studies of electroporation in cells have a long history, and several reports of numerical simulations can be found in the literature [11][12][13][14] . Other more microscopic treatments that better include the inherent physics of the method have also been discussed [15][16][17] . The method is an effective non-viral approach for transfection that is independent of cell surface receptors. Other secondary EP induced influences pertain to transport of ions, macromolecules, and genes or drugs for chemotherapeutics [18][19][20] . Other downstream electric-field induced responses include increases in reactive oxygen species [21][22][23][24] , capacitive cellular entry of calcium that can disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis and trigger a cascade of other events [25][26][27][28] , changes in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (TMP), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) 29,30 , and adverse effects on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dynamics. A large influx of Ca 2+ after EP can also deplete intracellular ATP and/or inhibit ATP production in mitochondria 31 . Pulsed electric fields have also been used for cell fusion 32 , microorganism inactivation 33,34 , and triggering of immunogenic processes 35,36 .Reversible and irreversible EP are the two common modalities. Reversible EP is used to deliver impermeant molecules into cells 37,38 , and avoid permanent cell damage. Irreversible EP is an efficient ablation modality for treating tumors, especially those un...

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Simulation study of cell transmembrane potential and electroporation induced by time-varying magnetic fields

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach

Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach

Development of a Low Voltage Electroporator for Electrochemotherapy to Enhance Patient Treatment

Numerical assessments of geometry, proximity and multi-electrode effects on electroporation in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to nanosecond electric pulses

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