Reactive distillation (RD) processes integrate reaction and distillation, the reactants being converted with the simultaneous separation of the products. This chapter describes the use of reactive distillation technology to produce biodiesel by esterification of free fatty acids, or trans-esterification of various oils (triglycerides). An overview of the reported experimental and simulation studies is provided, covering also the process design, dynamics and control, as well as more complex RD configurations based on dividing-wall column technology.Reactive distillation (RD) is especially attractive in systems where certain chemical and phase equilibrium conditions co-exist. The reaction and distillation take place in the same zone of a distillation column, the reactants being converted with the simultaneous separation of the products and recycle of unused reactants. As the products must be separated from reactants by distillation, this implies that the products should be lighter and/or heavier than the reactants. The ideal case is when one product is the lightest and the other product is the heaviest, with the reactants being the intermediate boiling components (Luyben and Yu 2008).