Simulations of PBH formation at the QCD epoch and comparison with the GWTC-3 catalog

Escrivà, Albert; Bagui, Eleni; Clesse, S.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/004

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…In this work, we use a single value of δ c for three different power spectra for computational reasons. We also disregard any corrections from the QCD equation of state, which are expected to be important at the frequency range probed by PTA observations (Abe et al 2021;Escrivà et al 2022a;Juan et al 2022;Dandoy et al 2023;Musco et al 2023).…”

Section: C2 Scalar-induced Gravitational Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Afzal

Agazie

Anumarlapudi

et al. 2023

ApJL

367

137

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The 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. In this paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation, scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic strings, and domain walls. We find that, with the exception of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these models can reproduce the observed signal. When compared to the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes factors in the range from 10 to 100. However, these results strongly depend on modeling assumptions about the cosmic SMBHB population and, at this stage, should not be regarded as evidence for new physics. Furthermore, we identify excluded parameter regions where the predicted GW signal from cosmological sources significantly exceeds the NANOGrav signal. These parameter constraints are independent of the origin of the NANOGrav signal and illustrate how pulsar timing data provide a new way to constrain the parameter space of these models. Finally, we search for deterministic signals produced by models of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) and dark matter substructures in the Milky Way. We find no evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated constraints on these models. In the case of ULDM, these constraints outperform torsion balance and atomic clock constraints for ULDM coupled to electrons, muons, or gluons.

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Section: C2 Scalar-induced Gravitational Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Afzal

Agazie

Anumarlapudi

et al. 2023

ApJL

367

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That being said, we use the most up-to-date formalism for the calculations 5. Notice we do not include the QCD effect on the PBH collapse induced by the corresponding softening of the equation of state[102][103][104][105][106], as this would require standard model thermal bath to dominate the energy density of the universe, and would only modulate to the standard c 2 s = 1/3 case. In any case, this is only has a minor impact on AR at scales below kp < 10 7 /Mpc which is outside the parameter space compatible with PTA observations (see e.g [23]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalar-induced gravitational wave interpretation of PTA data: the role of scalar fluctuation propagation speed

Balaji,

Domènech,

Franciolini

2023

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Pulsar timing arrays gathered evidence of the presence of a gravitational wave background around nHz frequencies. If the gravitational wave background was induced by large and Gaussian primordial fluctuations, they would then produce too many sub-solar mass primordial black holes. We show that if at the time of gravitational wave generation the universe was dominated by a canonical scalar field, with the same equation of state as standard radiation but a higher propagation speed of fluctuations, one can explain the gravitational wave background with a primordial black hole counterpart consistent with observations. Lastly, we discuss possible ways to test this model with future gravitational wave detectors.

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“…The range of PBH mass (10 −14 − 10 6 M ⊙ ) obtained in this study is important for future astrophysical measurements in relation to gravitational waves (GWs). GW observations from LIGO-Virgo will provide with an opportunity to detect PBHs [135,136]. Four candidate black hole binaries are likely to be of sub-solar masses [137].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining primordial black hole masses through f(R) gravity scalarons in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Talukdar,

Kalita,

Das

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a strong probe for constraining new physics including gravitation. f(R) gravity theory is an interesting alternative to general relativity which introduces additional degrees of freedom known as scalarons. In this work we demonstrate the existence of black hole solutions in f(R) gravity and develop a relation between scalaron mass and black hole mass. We have used observed bound on the freezeout temperature to constrain scalaron mass range by modifying the cosmic expansion rate at the BBN epoch. The mass range of primordial black holes (PBHs) which are astrophysical dark matter candidates is deduced. The range of scalaron mass which does not spoil the BBN era is found to be 10-16–104 eV for both relativistic and non-relativistic scalarons. The window 10-16–10-14 eV of scalaron mass obtained from solar system constraint on PPN parameter is compatible with the BBN bound derived in this work. The PBH mass range is obtained as 106–10-14 M ⊙. Scalarons constrained by BBN are also eligible to accommodate axion like dark matter particles. The problem of ultra-light PBHs (M ≤ 10-24 M ⊙) not constrained by the present study of BBN is still open. Estimation of deuterium (D) fraction and relative D+3He abundance in the f(R) gravity scenario shows that the BBN history mimics that of general relativity. While the PBH mass range is eligible for non-baryonic dark matter, the BBN bounded scalarons provide with an independent strong field test of f(R) gravity. The PBH mass range obtained in the study is discussed in relation to future astronomical measurements.

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Simulations of PBH formation at the QCD epoch and comparison with the GWTC-3 catalog

Cited by 29 publications

References 155 publications

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Scalar-induced gravitational wave interpretation of PTA data: the role of scalar fluctuation propagation speed

Constraining primordial black hole masses through f(R) gravity scalarons in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

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