Simulations of refractive index variation in a multimode interference coupler: Application to gas sensing

Mazingue, T.; Kribich, R.; Etienne, Pascal; Moreau, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.06.036

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Temperature changes cause changes in the refractive index of the interference section. The studies of interference structures made in planar waveguides by solgel method [7,8] were concerned with technological and experimental research of water vapor sensor. There were also presented the numerical simulations of the interference gas sensor operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMI Structures Covered by Bromocresol Purple for Ammonia Detection

Szewczuk

Błahut

2013

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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In the paper examinations of a lightguide sensor on the base of gradient index multimode interference structures are presented. Investigated structures were fabricated in potassium-sodium ion exchange process. Multimode interference sensor was designed for ammonia detection. Bromocresol purple covering the multimode section was used as a sensing layer. Numerical calculations were performed with the use of modal analysis and beam propagation method to optimise sensor geometry and sensing layer thickness. Experimental results show the possibility of ammonia detection from the concentration of tens ppm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMI Structures Covered by Bromocresol Purple for Ammonia Detection

Szewczuk

Błahut

2013

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…Applications of multimode interference (MMI)structures in waveguide sensor technology have been a subject to research studies of recent years [1][2][3][4][5]. The paper [1] proposes an optical temperature sensor based on MMI structures in silicon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the works [2,3] a waveguide refractometric sensor and a displacement sensor operating on the basis of the intermode interference phenomenon in multimode optical fibres are presented. The studies [4][5][6] apply to interference structures made in planar waveguides by sol-gel method and describe technological and experimental research of water vapour sensor and numerical simulation of the optical system of the interference gas sensor. There is no literature available on applications in the interference sensors technology of multimode interference structures based on gradient waveguides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures in the Technology of Optical Sensor

Szewczuk

Błahut

2011

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The aim of the work is the presentation of operating principle and properties of multimode interference structure devices made in gradient index technology by K + and Na + ion exchange method from the point of view of optical sensor design. Numerical analysis was performed using beam propagation method. Analyzed sensor structures are covered by nanolayers whose refractive index higher than the multimode interference section index is the reason for the concentration of wave propagation energy in the sensor layer area and its vicinity. Modifications of external propagation conditions change the refractive index and extinction coefficient of a sensor layer. The variation of optical properties leads to the modification of waveguiding conditions in the multimode interference coupler.

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“…The principle of operation of each of these devices described in many scientific publications [1,2] is similar. In most cases, the multimode sections are covered by layers whose optical parameters change when they are exposed to a measured medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a wide range of cover material to choose from. It can be a simple dielectric medium [2] when the operation characteristic of the proposed sensor depends on the geometry and size of MMI structures. In a gradient index waveguide made by potassium-sodium ion exchange the effect strongly depends on the polarization of light [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of selectively coated MMI structures for the application in optical sensor technology

Szewczuk¹,

Błahut²

2015

Photon. Lett. Poland

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Abstract-In this work the numerical analysis is presented of an optical sensor based on multimode interference structures with a sensing layer which covers selectively a multimode waveguide. The analyzed gradient index optical waveguides are fabricated in a sodium-potassium ion exchange process. The effects of the sensing layer of different shape and excitation conditions are demonstrated.Applications of multimode interference structures in waveguide sensor technology have been the subject of research studies in recent years. The principle of operation of each of these devices described in many scientific publications [1, 2] is similar. In most cases, the multimode sections are covered by layers whose optical parameters change when they are exposed to a measured medium. The modification of external physical parameters leads to changes in propagation conditions of light, and this effect is easily observable in the output signal. There is a wide range of cover material to choose from. It can be a simple dielectric medium [2] when the operation characteristic of the proposed sensor depends on the geometry and size of MMI structures. In a gradient index waveguide made by potassium-sodium ion exchange the effect strongly depends on the polarization of light [3]. When choosing thin metal oxides layers as the cover material [4] one can observe output signals dependence on both the refractive index and extinction coefficient changes. It is also possible to improve the characteristics of the sensor by the use of a very thin buffer layer tens of nanometers thick [5].In this work a new configuration of MMI optical sensor with a sensing layer covering selectively a multimode waveguide is presented. It will be shown that the geometry of the sensing layer significantly affects the field distributions in the MMI section and therefore strongly influences the operation characteristics of the sensor.The configuration of the interference sensor based on the selectively coated MMI structures is shown in Fig. 1. It includes an optical system composed of a single-mode waveguide, an MMI section which length is related to the distance of a single image formation, and a single-mode output waveguide. The MMI section is covered selectively by a sensing layer. The evanescent field of the modes propagating in a multimode waveguide penetrates the cladding. Changes of its refractive index have an impact on the mode properties of the multimode waveguide, as a result affecting the location of the input field image. The changes of image location are registered by a single-mode output waveguide. Two cases of input and output waveguide positions are consideredsymmetrical excitation (the case of symmetric interference) and excitation at one third of the MMI section width corresponding to paired interference. The investigated MMI sections are produced by the sodium-potassium ion exchange process in a borosilicate glass (n=1.5137) through the window of the 4μm width for a single mode waveguide and 45μm for an MMI section. The length of the multimode ...

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Simulations of refractive index variation in a multimode interference coupler: Application to gas sensing

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

MMI Structures Covered by Bromocresol Purple for Ammonia Detection

MMI Structures Covered by Bromocresol Purple for Ammonia Detection

Applications of Gradient Index Multimode Interference Structures in the Technology of Optical Sensor

Numerical analysis of selectively coated MMI structures for the application in optical sensor technology

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