Simulink-Based FPGA Control for EMI Investigations of Power Electronic Systems

Abstract

Control schemes applying sinusoidal pulsewidth (sPWM) have been widely employed in power conversion solutions. With the development of the future smart grid, more capabilities of the converters are required introducing additional electromagnetic interference (EMI) control measures. In this article, a MATLAB controllable sPWM generator has been developed to optimize electromagnetic compatibility. The field-programmable gate array running at 100 MHz is capable of producing simultaneous and synchronous control signals for 16 power electronic switches. Six flexible control parameters have been implemented, which allow the controller to be tuned to a large number of applications and investigate several EMI mitigation techniques and investigate the disturbance dependence on operational parameters. As an example, the detrimental dead time effect is shown, with a variation in emissions of 10-20 dB in the frequency range of 50 kHz to 50 MHz. Highest experimentally tested switching frequencies have been recorded at 2 MHz with resulting sinusoidal waveforms from 50 Hz to 250 kHz.

A comparison statement on DCPWM based conducted EMI noise mitigation process in DC-DC converters for EV

“…Through line impedance stabilization network (LISN) the input voltage has been given to the converters from the DC source. Periodic and chaotic pulses are given to the MOSFET gate terminals of the above-mentioned converters and the desired output voltage has been calculated with EMI, in the form of power spectrum density through various input voltage levels respectively [24].…”

Impact of Pseudo-Random Modulation on Measured Conducted EMI

“…In DC/DC converters, PWM techniques can be implemented through Deterministic Modulation (DetM) or RanM of the central modulated frequency (𝑓𝑓 𝑏𝑏 ). There may be situations where determining the moment of EMI generation (e.g., with DetM) helps to define EMC [1], [7]. Nevertheless, the same principle could also be applied to other modulation techniques [11], [12], [14], [15].…”

“…The parameter G c is a scaling factor to compensate the energy loss because of the window used. It is calculated as follows: (7) The IF bandpass filter parameters are necessary for the EMI measurements obtained when driving the DC/DC converter with RanM. In Table I, the main parameters are shown for the CISPR A frequency band.…”

“…Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based control hardware are standard solutions for DC/DC converters [6]. However, despite offering high flexibility and customization of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques, FPGA-based control hardware does not prevent DC/DC converters from inducing conducted EMI as this is inherent in the turn-on and turn-off switching actions of the devices themselves [7].…”

Influence of Impedance Interaction & Comparability on Spectral Aggregation (2–150 kHz) in DC Grids

“…The solutions to maintain & promote EMC that may improve the AC PQ are prescribed through filtering and modulation techniques in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) [16]. Further, the dominant factor in influencing the spectral aggregation in 2-150 kHz is the AC grid capacitance [4].…”