Simulium damnosum s.I.: Identification of Inducible Serine Proteases Following an Onchocerca Infection by Differential Display Reverse Transcription PCR

Hagen, H.; Kläger, S.; Chan, Veronica F; Sakanari, Judy; McKerrow, Jim.H.; Ham, P. J.

doi:10.1006/expr.1995.1115

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For example, Liu et al (1997) determined that encapsulation and melanization of the dog heartworm, Diro®laria immitis, in the mosquito Armigeres subalbatus could be reduced by serine protease inhibitors. Hagen et al (1995) used dierential display reverse transcription PCR to identify inducible serine proteases in a black¯y following an injection of Onchocerca lienalis, a ®larial worm that is a close relative of the agent of river blindness in humans. Protozoan parasites may also stimulate the production of these enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An easter‐like serine protease from Anopheles gambiae exhibits changes in transcript abundance following immune challenge

Paskewitz

Reese-Stardy

Gorman

1999

Insect Molecular Biology

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The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a serine protease (AgSp14D1) from the human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is presented. The gene product is a 360 amino acid protein that contains two domains and has the highest sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster serine protease easter and to prophenol oxidase activating enzyme (pPAE) from Manduca sexta. The catalytic domain is at the carboxy terminus and has the conserved serine, histidine and aspartic acid residues found in serine proteases as well as six cysteines common to invertebrate enzymes. The amino terminus contains critical cysteines that define a clip (=disulphide knot) domain which places this gene product in a subfamily of regulatory serine proteases that includes not only easter and pPAE but also the Drosophila proteins masquerade, stubble and snake as well as proclotting enzyme and factor B from the horseshoe crab. In situ hybridization to the polytene chromosomes detects a single band at 14D and Southern analysis with a probe from the 5' end of the gene confirms the single copy status of this gene. Northern analysis reveals changes in transcript abundance during development and following blood feeding. Interestingly, this analysis also shows an increase in transcript levels following wounding or injection of bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An easter‐like serine protease from Anopheles gambiae exhibits changes in transcript abundance following immune challenge

Paskewitz

Reese-Stardy

Gorman

1999

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…Indeed, there is good evidence from non-vector insects that purified or recombinant haemolymph lectins can activate the PpO system from the same insect species (see Section C2a; Chen et al, 1995;Yu et al, 1999). Finally, the reason why blackflies, such as Simulium ornatum, are unable to melanize and encapsulate parasites and other pathogens is unknown, especially since their haemolymph has both PpO and serine protease activity (Hagen et al, 1994(Hagen et al, , 1995(Hagen et al, , 1997.…”

Section: The Haemolymph Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-vector Interactions in Vector-borne Diseases

Gillespie¹,

Smith²,

Osbourn³

2001

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Several billion people are at daily risk of life-threatening vector-borne diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis and dengue, and the dark shadow of plague hovers in the few endemic foci where it waits ready to re-emerge in a deadly pandemic. The abortive attempt to control malaria in the 1960s showed us the problem that we face in eradicating vector-borne diseases. Research into these tropical diseases fell into neglect during the 1960s, but in the 1970s research was once more directed towards vectorborne diseases and more recent initiatives such as the Roll Back Malaria Campaign have kept them in the international spotlight. If we are not to repeat the mistakes of the past it will be necessary to use all of our knowledge of vector biology.cambridge university press Cambridge

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“…Some of the compounds of the innate immune system such as prophenoloxidase (Hagen et al . 1994a; 1997a), serine proteases (Hagen et al . 1995) and lectins, are important in controlling the survival and development of parasites (Hagen et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is apoptosis involved in mechanisms to eliminate Onchocerca ochengi during Simulium damnosum s.l. immune response?

Hagen

Kläger

Williams

1998

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryCo-injection of the parasite Onchocerca ochengi and the caspase inhibitors z-VAD.fmk and boc-D.fmk into the natural vector Simulium damnosum s.l. led to significantly increased survival of the parasites. Subsequent in situ apoptosis detection assays demonstrated that in the case of boc-D.fmk the enhanced survival was due to a diminished apoptosis level of the microfilariae in vivo. Additional assays using O. ochengi microfilariae which were coinjected with serine protease inhibitors into S. damnosum s.l. revealed that certain serine protease inhibitors can reduce the level of apoptosis.

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Simulium damnosum s.I.: Identification of Inducible Serine Proteases Following an Onchocerca Infection by Differential Display Reverse Transcription PCR

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

An easter‐like serine protease from Anopheles gambiae exhibits changes in transcript abundance following immune challenge

An easter‐like serine protease from Anopheles gambiae exhibits changes in transcript abundance following immune challenge

Microbe-vector Interactions in Vector-borne Diseases

Is apoptosis involved in mechanisms to eliminate Onchocerca ochengi during Simulium damnosum s.l. immune response?

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