Simultaneous 3D tracking and temperature measurements of L-PBF spatter particles using a single camera

Kelly, Dustin; Fischer, Ralf; Moaven, Mahyar; Morris, Sarah; Prorok, Barton C.; Thurow, Brian S.

doi:10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100134

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For our implementation, similar to the work of Kelly et al, 17 a simplified temperature calibration fit is utilized to calculate temperature. Alternative approaches to soot pyrometry that do not assume emissivity and calculate soot volume fraction could be implemented with the SPC, 15 which will be investigated in the future.…”

Section: Dual-wavelength Pyrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous tomographic multi-component reconstructions using multispectral plenoptic cameras

Kelly,

George,

Page

et al. 2023

Applied Optical Metrology V

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This paper introduces a methodology for simultaneously conducting multi-component 3D measurements in highspeed turbulent afterburning flames using several spectral plenoptic cameras. Traditionally, plenoptic imaging techniques capture the 3D scene using a single camera, where the camera is modified to include a microlens array that is located between the primary lens and the sensor. Each pixel behind a microlens encodes angular information onto the sensor by sampling a point on the main lens. A multispectral plenoptic camera is a combination of a plenoptic camera with a spectral filter array at the primary lens aperture plane. Thus, spectral information is encoded onto angular information, such that the camera captures spatial, angular, and spectral information of a light-field in a single-snapshot, which enables multiple measurements to be performed using discrete spectral bands from a single camera. Additional cameras provide improved performance by extending the overall range of angular information captured. Experiments were conducted using three spectral plenoptic cameras to capture subsets of the following measurement within a sonic hydrogen flame and subsonic ethylene flame: tomographic particle image velocimetry; dual-wavelength pyrometry of particle-laden flow; and 3D measurement the chemiluminescence of CH*. This work demonstrates the ability to simultaneously capture multiple 3D measurements with views from as few as three multispectral plenoptic cameras, whereas traditional cameras could require an order of magnitude more sensors.

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Section: Dual-wavelength Pyrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous tomographic multi-component reconstructions using multispectral plenoptic cameras

Kelly,

George,

Page

et al. 2023

Applied Optical Metrology V

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“…Reduced defects (or roughness) in the surface regions should bring further improvements on the fatigue performance of the LPBF components. These surface defects are often associated with spatter formation [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19] during LPBF and hence a better understanding of their evolution mechanisms is required to prevent them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlative spatter and vapour depression dynamics during laser powder bed fusion of an Al-Fe-Zr alloy

Guo,

Lambert-Garcia,

Hocine

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Spatter during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can induce surface defects, impacting the fatigue performance of the fabricated components. Here, we reveal and explain the links between vapour depression shape and spatter dynamics during LPBF of an Al-Fe-Zr aluminium alloy using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. We quantify the number, trajectory angle, velocity, and kinetic energy of the spatter as a function of vapour depression zone/keyhole morphology under industry-relevant processing conditions. The depression zone/keyhole morphology was found to influence the spatter ejection angle in keyhole versus conduction melting modes: (i) the vapour-pressure driven plume in conduction mode with a quasi-semi-circular depression zone leads to backward spatter whereas (ii) the keyhole rear wall redirects the gas/vapour flow to cause vertical spatter ejection and rear rim droplet spatter. Increasing the opening of the keyhole or vapour depression zone can reduce entrainment of solid spatter. We discover a spatter-induced crater mechanism in which small spatter particles are accelerated towards the powder bed after laser-spatter interaction, inducing powder denudation and cavities on the printed surface. By quantifying these laser-spatter interactions, we suggest a printing strategy for minimising defects and improving the surface quality of LPBF parts.

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Simultaneous 3D tracking and temperature measurements of L-PBF spatter particles using a single camera

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Simultaneous tomographic multi-component reconstructions using multispectral plenoptic cameras

Simultaneous tomographic multi-component reconstructions using multispectral plenoptic cameras

Correlative spatter and vapour depression dynamics during laser powder bed fusion of an Al-Fe-Zr alloy

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