Simultaneous Activation of Short‐Wave Infrared (SWIR) Light and Paramagnetism by a Functionalized Shell for High Penetration and Spatial Resolution Theranostics

Abstract

Nanoparticle emitting short-wave infrared (SWIR) light has received increased attention in the molecular imaging field due to its deeper tissue penetration, fast imaging, high sensitivity, and resolution. The simultaneously activated SWIR excited directly by an 808 nm laser and T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal are found in one single-shell nanoparticle NaErF 4 @NaGdF 4 (Er@Gd), which is used as a dual-modality imaging contrast agent in vivo to accurately determine the position of tumors. The conjugated cypate is then aggregated on the surface of Er@Gd@SiO 2 -Cy/bovine serum albumin. With the guidance of dual modality imaging, photothermal therapy is effectively used to ablate tumors in a mouse model. The design of single-shell nanomaterial activation of SWIR imaging and MRI signals is expected to provide a new strategy for high penetration and spatial resolution cancer theranostics.

Photothermally Active Upconversion Core–Shell NaGdF4:Yb:Tm@Cu Nanostructures: Synthesis and Theranostic Properties

“…The 980 nm laser with bio susceptible 0.75 W cm −2 laser power was used to irradiate the sample to measure the photothermal (PT) effect . The PT conversion efficiency of the core and core–shell particles was determined using a previously reported method . Detailed calculations were carried out using Equation where, η is the PT conversion efficiency, h is the heat transfer coefficient, S is the surface area of the container, T max is the maximum temperature attained while the laser is on, T surr is the environmental temperature, Q dis is the heat dissipated from the light absorbed by the solvent and container, I is the laser power, and A 980 is the absorbance at 980 nm excitation.…”

“…Experimental Procedures—Photothermal Efficiency Measurements : Photothermal efficiency measurements were carried out based on a previously reported method . In a typical experiment, 5 mL of NGF or NGF@Cu aqueous solution (50 ppm) were added to a transparent glass bottle (Figure S1, Supporting Information) and irradiated using a 980 nm laser source.…”

A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection

“…Hydrophilic CaF 2 :Yb,Er@CaF 2 :Gd nanoparticles modified using polyethylene glycol-polyamidoamine (PEG-PAA) diblock copolymer benefited from the presence of Gd only in the outer CaF 2 layer of the nanoparticles for efficient MR angiography (MRA) and cancer detection which was developed by Liu K et al [88]. In another work, NaErF 4 @NaGdF 4 (Er@Gd) nanoparticle evaluated by Liyi Ma et al [89] for MRI and short wave infra-red (SWIR) imaging. They have conjugated Er@Gd nanoparticle with cypate and could simultaneously provide SWIR imaging and T 1 -weighted MRI of tumors in mice and effective photothermal therapy to ablate tumors.…”

Recent Advance in Near‐Infrared (NIR) Imaging Probes for Cancer Theranostics

“…[68] The inter-to-surface energy Figure 5. [93] Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. A) NIR II-emission mechanisms of rare earth-doped nanoprobes.…”

“…Our group developed an ultrasmall pH-responsive photothermal gallic acid-iron complex-modified NaDyF 4 :Nd nanoprobe for enhanced cancer theranostics by in situ aggregation strategy. [93] With the NaGdF 4 shell coating, the NIR II emission and MRI were activated simultaneously by the growth of passivated shell containing paramagnetic ions. Our group also demonstrated a novel photothermal NiS x -coated Nd-doped nanoprobe for tumor imaging and PTT.…”