Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among college students in the United States, 2006–2019

Hai, Audrey Hang; Carey, Kate B.; Vaughn, Michael G.; Lee, Christina S.; Franklin, Cynthia; Salas-Wright, Christopher P.

doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100452

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fifth, we did not examine simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., using both substances at the same time or within a few hours of one another). Yet recent research suggests that simultaneous use is increasing, especially among Black college students, who now evince the highest rates of alcohol‐cannabis simultaneous use of any college racial/ethnic group 40 . Thus, future work testing whether the pattern of findings we obtained regarding dual use generalizes to simultaneous use among Black college students will be an important next step.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Alcohol and cannabis dual use among Black adults: Associations with alcohol use, use‐related problems, and race‐based discrimination

Buckner,

Zvolensky,

Scherzer

2023

American J Addict

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Background and ObjectivesBlack adults who drink alcohol appear at risk for poor alcohol‐related outcomes, yet little research has examined whether cannabis use among those who consume alcohol (alcohol‐cannabis dual use) is related to worse alcohol‐related consequences, as observed in predominantly White samples. Further, it may be that experiencing more race‐based discrimination may be related to using multiple substances to cope with such experiences; however, no known studies have examined the impact of race‐based discrimination on alcohol‐cannabis dual use.MethodsParticipants were 270 Black undergraduates who endorsed past‐month drinking, 112 of whom endorsed alcohol‐cannabis dual use.ResultsThe dual use group reported heavier drinking, more drinking‐related problems, and more race‐based microaggressions (but not overt racism) than the alcohol‐only group.ConclusionsThe use of cannabis among Black young adults who drink alcohol was related to heavier drinking and more alcohol‐related problems. Further, experiencing more microaggressions may place these individuals at risk for using multiple substances, presumably to cope with these experiences.Scientific SignificanceConsidering models suggesting that the dual use of cannabis may result in less alcohol use, the current study highlights that for Black adults who consume alcohol, cannabis dual use is related to heavier drinking and more alcohol‐related problems, which can inform intervention and treatment efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…ethnic group 40. Thus, future work testing whether the pattern of findings we obtained regarding dual use generalizes to simultaneous use among Black college students will be an important next step.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Alcohol and cannabis dual use among Black adults: Associations with alcohol use, use‐related problems, and race‐based discrimination

Buckner,

Zvolensky,

Scherzer

2023

American J Addict

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“…With SAM use increasing among college students (Hai et al., 2022), and participants reporting that more consequences are experienced with SAM use than with single substance use (e.g., Jackson et al., 2020), specific interventions are needed to address simultaneous use. Single substance use interventions typically include components such as assessing consequences experienced, motives for use, expectancies of use, and social norms (e.g., for reviews, see Halladay et al., 2019; Scott‐Sheldon et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals who use both alcohol and cannabis can use them concurrently (using both but their effects do not overlap; also known as dual use) or simultaneously (using both so that their effects do overlap; Lee et al., 2022). Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis (commonly known as simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM]) use is prevalent among college students, more so than concurrent or dual use (Bravo et al., 2021; Looby et al., 2021), and is increasing over time (Hai et al., 2022). Among college students who report using both alcohol and cannabis, 73%–77% report SAM use (Looby et al., 2021; White et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alcohol and cannabis (commonly known as simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM]) use is prevalent among college students, more so than concurrent or dual use (Bravo et al, 2021;Looby et al, 2021), and is increasing over time (Hai et al, 2022). Among college students who report using both alcohol and cannabis, 73%-77% report SAM use (Looby et al, 2021;White et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and its related consequences and cognitions in college students: A narrative review

Shipley,

Braitman

2024

Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research

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As rates of students using cannabis continue to rise, simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis (such that their effects overlap; commonly referred to as simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use) is prevalent among college students who use both substances. Although research focusing on SAM use and related cognitions and consequences continues to grow, there are no common established measures, as approaches vary across studies. This narrative review identifies current methods for assessing SAM use and measures of SAM‐related consequences and cognitions (motives and expectancies) among college students, evaluates how they were developed, identifies gaps in the literature, and provides recommendations for future directions of assessment. We conclude that the assessment of SAM use is limited by difficulties in the assessment of cannabis quantity and potency. However, and the lack of a psychometrically validated measure of SAM consequences. However, measures of SAM motives and expectancies have been published with support from psychometric examinations such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance. Research is needed that incorporates qualitative approaches in the development of SAM use measures so that unique items specific to SAM use rather than single‐substance use can be identified. Additionally, validation of these measures is needed across different samples that vary demographically, such as by race and gender or sex. Future research should consider the development of a measure of protective behavioral strategies specific to SAM use to inform interventions that target the reduction of negative consequences of SAM use.

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Driving under the influence of cannabis and alcohol: Evidence from a national sample of young drivers

Salas-Wright

Hai

Vaughn

et al. 2023

Addictive Behaviors

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Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among college students in the United States, 2006–2019

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Alcohol and cannabis dual use among Black adults: Associations with alcohol use, use‐related problems, and race‐based discrimination

Alcohol and cannabis dual use among Black adults: Associations with alcohol use, use‐related problems, and race‐based discrimination

Assessment of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and its related consequences and cognitions in college students: A narrative review

Driving under the influence of cannabis and alcohol: Evidence from a national sample of young drivers

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